Flight Instructor - Airplane (CFI) ACS Codes

All 1599 Flight Instructor - Airplane and their official FAA knowledge-area descriptions. These are the codes printed on your Airman Knowledge Test Report for questions you missed. Upload your report to get just your codes as a printable sheet.

Also searched as: CFI · FIA.

Code	Task	FAA knowledge area
AI.II.A.K1	Human Factors	Symptoms, recognition, causes, effects, and corrective actions associated with aeromedical and physiological issues, including:
AI.II.A.K1a	Human Factors	a. Hypoxia
AI.II.A.K1b	Human Factors	b. Hyperventilation
AI.II.A.K1c	Human Factors	c. Middle ear and sinus problems
AI.II.A.K1d	Human Factors	d. Spatial disorientation
AI.II.A.K1e	Human Factors	e. Motion sickness
AI.II.A.K1f	Human Factors	f. Carbon monoxide poisoning
AI.II.A.K1g	Human Factors	g. Stress
AI.II.A.K1h	Human Factors	h. Fatigue
AI.II.A.K1i	Human Factors	i. Dehydration and nutrition
AI.II.A.K1j	Human Factors	j. Hypothermia
AI.II.A.K1k	Human Factors	k. Optical illusions
AI.II.A.K1l	Human Factors	l. Dissolved nitrogen in the bloodstream after scuba dives
AI.II.A.K2	Human Factors	Regulations regarding use of alcohol and drugs.
AI.II.A.K3	Human Factors	Effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications.
AI.II.A.K4	Human Factors	Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) to include using Crew Resource Management (CRM) or Single- Pilot Resource Management (SRM), as appropriate.
AI.II.A.R1	Human Factors	Aeromedical and physiological issues.
AI.II.A.R2	Human Factors	Hazardous attitudes.
AI.II.A.R3	Human Factors	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.II.A.R4	Human Factors	Confirmation and expectation bias.
AI.II.A.S1	Human Factors	Associate the symptoms and effects for at least three of the conditions listed in K1a through K1l with the cause(s) and corrective action(s).
AI.II.A.S2	Human Factors	Perform self-assessment, including fitness for flight and personal minimums, for actual flight or a scenario given by the evaluator.
AI.II.B.K1	Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance	Environmental conditions that degrade vision.
AI.II.B.K2	Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance	Vestibular and visual illusions.
AI.II.B.K3	Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance	"See and Avoid" responsibilities.
AI.II.B.K4	Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance	Visual scanning procedure and the importance of peripheral vision.
AI.II.B.K5	Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance	Aircraft blind spots and clearing procedures.
AI.II.B.K6	Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance	Visual cues of an impending mid-air collision.
AI.II.B.K7	Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance	Situations that create the greatest collision risk.
AI.II.B.K8	Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance	Division of attention inside and outside the aircraft.
AI.II.B.R1	Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance	Distractions to visual scanning.
AI.II.B.R2	Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance	Relaxed intermediate focal distance.
AI.II.B.R3	Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance	High volume operational environments.
AI.II.B.R4	Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance	Collision reaction time.
AI.II.B.R5	Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance	Use of a safety pilot.
AI.II.B.S1	Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance	Effectively scan using short regularly spaced eye movements.
AI.II.B.S2	Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance	Scan around physical obstructions.
AI.II.B.S3	Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance	Use appropriate visual scanning techniques.
AI.II.B.S4	Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance	Use electronic traffic alert systems, if available.
AI.II.C.K1	Runway Incursion Avoidance	Runway incursion definition.
AI.II.C.K2	Runway Incursion Avoidance	Taxi instructions/clearances.
AI.II.C.K3	Runway Incursion Avoidance	The importance of recording taxi instructions and reviewing taxi routes on the airport diagram.
AI.II.C.K4	Runway Incursion Avoidance	Airport markings, signs, and lights including the importance of hold lines associated with runways.
AI.II.C.K5	Runway Incursion Avoidance	Appropriate flight deck activities during taxiing, including taxi route planning, briefing the location of Hot Spots, communicating and coordinating with ATC.
AI.II.C.K6	Runway Incursion Avoidance	Communication and operational procedures at uncontrolled airports.
AI.II.C.R1	Runway Incursion Avoidance	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.II.C.R2	Runway Incursion Avoidance	Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
AI.II.C.R3	Runway Incursion Avoidance	Entering or crossing runways.
AI.II.C.R4	Runway Incursion Avoidance	Night taxi operations.
AI.II.C.R5	Runway Incursion Avoidance	Low visibility taxi operations.
AI.II.C.R6	Runway Incursion Avoidance	Runway incursion after landing.
AI.II.C.R7	Runway Incursion Avoidance	Operating on taxiways between parallel runways.
AI.II.C.S1	Runway Incursion Avoidance	Deliver instruction on the elements and techniques for runway incursion avoidance.
AI.II.D.K1	Principles of Flight	Airfoil design characteristics.
AI.II.D.K2	Principles of Flight	Airplane stability, maneuverability and controllability.
AI.II.D.K3	Principles of Flight	Turning tendency (e.g., torque, p-factor, spiraling slipstream, and gyroscopic precession).
AI.II.D.K4	Principles of Flight	Forces acting on an airplane.
AI.II.D.K5	Principles of Flight	Load factors in airplane design.
AI.II.D.K6	Principles of Flight	Wingtip vortices and appropriate precautions.
AI.II.D.R1	Principles of Flight	The basic aerodynamic principles of flight.
AI.II.D.S1	Principles of Flight	Deliver instruction on principles of flight, including at least three of the elements listed in K1 through K6.
AI.II.E.K1	Aircraft Flight Controls and Operation of Systems	Airplane systems, including:
AI.II.E.K1a	Aircraft Flight Controls and Operation of Systems	a. Primary flight controls
AI.II.E.K1b	Aircraft Flight Controls and Operation of Systems	b. Secondary flight controls
AI.II.E.K1c	Aircraft Flight Controls and Operation of Systems	c. Powerplant and propeller
AI.II.E.K1d	Aircraft Flight Controls and Operation of Systems	d. Landing gear
AI.II.E.K1e	Aircraft Flight Controls and Operation of Systems	e. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic
AI.II.E.K1f	Aircraft Flight Controls and Operation of Systems	f. Electrical
AI.II.E.K1g	Aircraft Flight Controls and Operation of Systems	g. Avionics
AI.II.E.K1h	Aircraft Flight Controls and Operation of Systems	h. Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments
AI.II.E.K1i	Aircraft Flight Controls and Operation of Systems	i. Environmental
AI.II.E.K1j	Aircraft Flight Controls and Operation of Systems	j. Deicing and anti-icing
AI.II.E.K1k	Aircraft Flight Controls and Operation of Systems	k. Water rudders (ASES, AMES)
AI.II.E.K1l	Aircraft Flight Controls and Operation of Systems	l. Oxygen system
AI.II.E.K2	Aircraft Flight Controls and Operation of Systems	Indications of and procedures for managing system abnormalities or failures.
AI.II.E.R1	Aircraft Flight Controls and Operation of Systems	Detection of system malfunctions or failures.
AI.II.E.R2	Aircraft Flight Controls and Operation of Systems	Management of a system failure.
AI.II.E.R3	Aircraft Flight Controls and Operation of Systems	Monitoring and management of automated systems.
AI.II.E.R4	Aircraft Flight Controls and Operation of Systems	Providing instruction in unfamiliar aircraft or operating with unfamiliar flight display systems and avionics.
AI.II.E.S1	Aircraft Flight Controls and Operation of Systems	Operate at least three of the systems listed in K1a through K1l appropriately.
AI.II.F.K1	Performance and Limitations	Elements related to performance and limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data to determine performance.
AI.II.F.K2	Performance and Limitations	Factors affecting performance, including:
AI.II.F.K2a	Performance and Limitations	a. Atmospheric conditions
AI.II.F.K2b	Performance and Limitations	b. Pilot technique
AI.II.F.K2c	Performance and Limitations	c. Airplane configuration
AI.II.F.K2d	Performance and Limitations	d. Airport environment
AI.II.F.K2e	Performance and Limitations	e. Loading and weight and balance
AI.II.F.K3	Performance and Limitations	Weight and balance terms, including: basic empty weight, maximum gross weight, arm, moment, reference datum, center of gravity (CG) and CG limits, and useful load.
AI.II.F.K4	Performance and Limitations	Methods for computing CG.
AI.II.F.K5	Performance and Limitations	Aerodynamics.
AI.II.F.R1	Performance and Limitations	Use of performance charts, tables, and data.
AI.II.F.R2	Performance and Limitations	Airplane limitations.
AI.II.F.R3	Performance and Limitations	Possible differences between calculated performance and actual performance.
AI.II.F.R4	Performance and Limitations	Exceeding weight limits.
AI.II.F.R5	Performance and Limitations	Operating outside of CG limits.
AI.II.F.R6	Performance and Limitations	Shifting, adding, and removing weight.
AI.II.F.S1	Performance and Limitations	Use the appropriate airplane performance charts, tables, and data.
AI.II.F.S2	Performance and Limitations	Compute the weight and balance, correct out-of-center of gravity loading errors and determine if the weight and balance remains within limits during all phases of flight.
AI.II.G.K1	National Airspace System	Airspace classes and associated requirements and limitations.
AI.II.G.K2	National Airspace System	Chart symbols.
AI.II.G.K3	National Airspace System	Special use airspace (SUA), special flight rules areas (SFRA), temporary flight restrictions (TFR), and other airspace areas.
AI.II.G.K4	National Airspace System	Currency of publications.
AI.II.G.K5	National Airspace System	Special visual flight rules (VFR) requirements.
AI.II.G.R1	National Airspace System	Various classes and types of airspace.
AI.II.G.S1	National Airspace System	Identify and comply with the requirements for basic VFR weather minimums and flying in particular classes of airspace.
AI.II.G.S2	National Airspace System	Correctly identify airspace and operate in accordance with associated communication and equipment requirements.
AI.II.G.S3	National Airspace System	Identify the requirements for operating in SUA or within a TFR. Identify and comply with special air traffic rules (SATR) and SFRA operations, if applicable.
AI.II.H.K1	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Ground-based navigation (identification, orientation, course determination, equipment, tests, regulations, interference, appropriate use of navigation data, and signal integrity).
AI.II.H.K2	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Satellite-based navigation (e.g., equipment, regulations, authorized use of databases, and Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)).
AI.II.H.K3	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Radar assistance to visual flight rules (VFR) aircraft (e.g., operations, equipment, available services, traffic advisories).
AI.II.H.K4	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Transponder (Mode(s) A, C, and S) and Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B).
AI.II.H.R1	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.
AI.II.H.R2	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.II.H.R3	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Limitations of the navigation system in use.
AI.II.H.R4	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Loss of a navigation signal.
AI.II.H.R5	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Use of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if used.
AI.II.H.S1	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Use an airborne electronic navigation system.
AI.II.H.S2	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Determine the airplane's position using the navigation system.
AI.II.H.S3	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Intercept and track a given course, radial, or bearing.
AI.II.H.S4	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Recognize and describe the indication of station or waypoint passage.
AI.II.H.S5	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Use proper communication procedures when utilizing radar services.
AI.II.I.K1	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Route planning, including consideration of different classes and special use airspace (SUA) and selection of appropriate and available navigation/communication systems and facilities.
AI.II.I.K2	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Altitude selection accounting for terrain and obstacles, glide distance of airplane, visual flight rules (VFR) cruising altitudes, and effect of wind.
AI.II.I.K3	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Plotting a course.
AI.II.I.K4	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Power setting selection.
AI.II.I.K5	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Calculating:
AI.II.I.K5a	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	a. Time, climb and descent rates, course, distance, heading, true airspeed, and groundspeed
AI.II.I.K5b	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	b. Estimated time of arrival, including conversion to universal coordinated time (UTC)
AI.II.I.K5c	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	c. Fuel requirements, including reserve
AI.II.I.K6	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Elements of a VFR flight plan.
AI.II.I.K7	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Correlate weather information to make a go/no-go decision.
AI.II.I.K8	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Procedures for activating and closing a VFR flight plan.
AI.II.I.K9	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Magnetic compass errors.
AI.II.I.K10	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Pilotage and dead reckoning.
AI.II.I.K11	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Planned calculations versus actual results and required corrections.
AI.II.I.K12	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Diversion and lost procedures.
AI.II.I.K13	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Inflight intercept procedures.
AI.II.I.K14	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Use of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if used.
AI.II.I.K15	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Chart symbols.
AI.II.I.R1	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Pilot.
AI.II.I.R2	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Aircraft.
AI.II.I.R3	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Environment (e.g., weather, airports, airspace, terrain, obstacles).
AI.II.I.R4	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	External pressures.
AI.II.I.R5	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Limitations of air traffic control (ATC) services.
AI.II.I.R6	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Fuel planning.
AI.II.I.S1	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Prepare, present, and explain a cross-country flight plan assigned by the evaluator, including a risk analysis to the first fuel stop.
AI.II.I.S2	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Apply pertinent information from appropriate and current aeronautical charts, Chart Supplements; Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs) relative to airport, runway and taxiway closures; and other flight publications.
AI.II.I.S3	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Create a navigation plan and simulate filing a VFR flight plan.
AI.II.I.S4	Navigation and Cross-Country Flight Planning	Recalculate fuel reserves based on a scenario provided by the evaluator.
AI.II.J.K1	14 CFR and Publications	14 CFR parts 1, 61, and 91.
AI.II.J.K2	14 CFR and Publications	49 CFR part 830.
AI.II.J.K3	14 CFR and Publications	Advisory Circulars, INFOs, and SAFOs.
AI.II.J.K4	14 CFR and Publications	Airman Certification Standards or Practical Test Standards.
AI.II.J.K5	14 CFR and Publications	Pilot's Operating Handbooks or flight manuals.
AI.II.J.K6	14 CFR and Publications	Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM).
AI.II.J.R1	14 CFR and Publications	Use of expired charts, manuals, or publications without current updates.
AI.II.J.S1	14 CFR and Publications	Teach at least one of the elements listed in K1 through K6.
AI.II.K.K1	Endorsements and Logbook Entries	Required logbook entries for instruction given.
AI.II.K.K2	Endorsements and Logbook Entries	Required student pilot pre-solo knowledge test, solo endorsements, and logbook entries.
AI.II.K.K3	Endorsements and Logbook Entries	Other required pilot logbook endorsements (e.g., Class B Airspace, Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR)).
AI.II.K.K4	Endorsements and Logbook Entries	Preparation of a recommendation for a pilot practical test, including appropriate logbook entry and relevant certificate/rating application for:
AI.II.K.K4a	Endorsements and Logbook Entries	a. Initial pilot certification
AI.II.K.K4b	Endorsements and Logbook Entries	b. Additional pilot certification
AI.II.K.K4c	Endorsements and Logbook Entries	c. Additional aircraft qualification
AI.II.K.K5	Endorsements and Logbook Entries	Endorsement of a pilot logbook for the satisfactory completion of an FAA flight review.
AI.II.K.K6	Endorsements and Logbook Entries	Required flight instructor records.
AI.II.K.K7	Endorsements and Logbook Entries	Flight instructor renewal and reinstatement requirements.
AI.II.K.R1	Endorsements and Logbook Entries	Endorsements without appropriate limitations or expiration dates.
AI.II.K.S1	Endorsements and Logbook Entries	Describe and prepare logbook entries/endorsements required for at least two of the events specified in the elements or sub-elements of K1 through K5.
AI.II.L.K1	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	Characteristics of a water surface as affected by features, such as:
AI.II.L.K1a	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	a. Size and location
AI.II.L.K1b	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	b. Protected and unprotected areas
AI.II.L.K1c	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	c. Surface wind
AI.II.L.K1d	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	d. Direction and strength of water current
AI.II.L.K1e	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	e. Floating and partially submerged debris
AI.II.L.K1f	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	f. Sandbars, islands, and shoals
AI.II.L.K1g	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	g. Vessel traffic and wakes
AI.II.L.K1h	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	h. Direction and height of waves
AI.II.L.K1i	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	i. Other characteristics specific to the area
AI.II.L.K2	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	Float and hull construction, and its effect on seaplane performance.
AI.II.L.K3	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	Causes of porpoising and skipping, and the pilot action needed to prevent or correct these occurrences.
AI.II.L.K4	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	How to locate and identify seaplane bases on charts or in directories.
AI.II.L.K5	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	Operating restrictions at various bases.
AI.II.L.K6	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	Right-of-way, steering, and sailing rules pertinent to seaplane operation.
AI.II.L.K7	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	Marine navigation aids, such as buoys, beacons, lights, sound signals, and range markers.
AI.II.L.K8	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	Naval vessel protection zones.
AI.II.L.K9	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	No wake zones.
AI.II.L.R1	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	Local conditions.
AI.II.L.R2	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	Impact of marine traffic.
AI.II.L.R3	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	Right-of-way and sailing rules pertinent to seaplane operations.
AI.II.L.R4	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	Limited services and assistance available at seaplane bases.
AI.II.L.S1	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	Explain how float and hull construction can affect seaplane performance.
AI.II.L.S2	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	Describe how to correct for porpoising and skipping.
AI.II.L.S3	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	Identify marine navigation aids.
AI.II.L.S4	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	Describe correct right-of-way, steering, and sailing operations.
AI.II.L.S5	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	Assess the water surface characteristics for the proposed flight.
AI.II.L.S6	Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine	Identify restrictions at local seaplane bases.
AI.II.M.K1	Night Operations	Physiological aspects of vision related to night flying.
AI.II.M.K2	Night Operations	Lighting systems identifying airports, runways, taxiways and obstructions, as well as pilot controlled lighting.
AI.II.M.K3	Night Operations	Airplane equipment and lighting requirements for night operations.
AI.II.M.K4	Night Operations	Personal equipment essential for night flight.
AI.II.M.K5	Night Operations	Night orientation, navigation, chart reading techniques and methods for maintaining night vision effectiveness.
AI.II.M.K6	Night Operations	Use of instruments to verify the aircraft attitude at night.
AI.II.M.K7	Night Operations	Visual illusions at night.
AI.II.M.K8	Night Operations	Night taxi operations.
AI.II.M.K9	Night Operations	Interpretation of traffic position and direction based solely on position lights.
AI.II.M.R1	Night Operations	Inoperative equipment.
AI.II.M.R2	Night Operations	Weather considerations specific to night operations.
AI.II.M.R3	Night Operations	Collision hazards.
AI.II.M.R4	Night Operations	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.II.M.R5	Night Operations	Effect of visual illusions and night adaptation during all phases of night flying.
AI.II.M.R6	Night Operations	Runway incursion.
AI.II.M.R7	Night Operations	Night currency versus proficiency.
AI.II.M.S1	Night Operations	Teach at least one of the elements listed in K1 through K9.
AI.II.N.K2	High Altitude Operations - Supplemental Oxygen	Physiological factors, including:
AI.II.N.K2a	High Altitude Operations - Supplemental Oxygen	a. Impairment
AI.II.N.K2b	High Altitude Operations - Supplemental Oxygen	b. Symptoms of hypoxia
AI.II.N.K2c	High Altitude Operations - Supplemental Oxygen	c. Time of useful consciousness (TUC)
AI.II.N.K3	High Altitude Operations - Supplemental Oxygen	Operational factors, including:
AI.II.N.K3a	High Altitude Operations - Supplemental Oxygen	a. Characteristics, limitations, and applicability of continuous flow, demand, and pressure- demand oxygen systems
AI.II.N.K3b	High Altitude Operations - Supplemental Oxygen	b. Differences between and identification of "aviator's breathing oxygen" and other types of oxygen
AI.II.N.K3c	High Altitude Operations - Supplemental Oxygen	c. Precautions when using supplemental oxygen systems
AI.II.N.R1	High Altitude Operations - Supplemental Oxygen	High altitude flight.
AI.II.N.R2	High Altitude Operations - Supplemental Oxygen	Use of supplemental oxygen.
AI.II.N.R3	High Altitude Operations - Supplemental Oxygen	Management of compressed gas containers.
AI.II.N.R4	High Altitude Operations - Supplemental Oxygen	Combustion hazards in an oxygen-rich environment.
AI.II.N.S1	High Altitude Operations - Supplemental Oxygen	Provide an adequate briefing on use of supplemental oxygen equipment.
AI.II.N.S2	High Altitude Operations - Supplemental Oxygen	Operate or simulate operation of the installed or portable oxygen equipment in the aircraft, if installed or available.
AI.II.N.S3	High Altitude Operations - Supplemental Oxygen	Determine the quantity of supplemental oxygen required in a scenario given by the evaluator.
AI.II.O.K1	High Altitude Operations - Pressurization	Fundamental concepts of aircraft pressurization system, including failure modes.
AI.II.O.K2	High Altitude Operations - Pressurization	Physiological factors, including:
AI.II.O.K2a	High Altitude Operations - Pressurization	a. Impairment
AI.II.O.K2b	High Altitude Operations - Pressurization	b. Symptoms of hypoxia
AI.II.O.K2c	High Altitude Operations - Pressurization	c. Time of useful consciousness (TUC)
AI.II.O.K2d	High Altitude Operations - Pressurization	d. Effects of rapid decompression on crew and passengers
AI.II.O.R1	High Altitude Operations - Pressurization	High altitude flight.
AI.II.O.R2	High Altitude Operations - Pressurization	Malfunction of pressurization system, if equipment is installed.
AI.II.O.S1	High Altitude Operations - Pressurization	Operate the pressurization system, if equipment is installed.
AI.II.O.S2	High Altitude Operations - Pressurization	Respond appropriately to simulated pressurization malfunctions, if equipment is installed.
AI.II.P.K1	One Engine Inoperative (OEI) Performance	Proficient use of appropriate performance charts, tables, graphs, or other data to determine airplane performance and limitations for all phases of flight.
AI.II.P.K2	One Engine Inoperative (OEI) Performance	Effects of exceeding limitations.
AI.II.P.K3	One Engine Inoperative (OEI) Performance	Effects of atmospheric conditions on performance.
AI.II.P.K4	One Engine Inoperative (OEI) Performance	Factors to be considered to determine required performance is within the airplane's single and multiengine cababilities.
AI.II.P.K5	One Engine Inoperative (OEI) Performance	Aerodynamics of OEI operation including:
AI.II.P.K5a	One Engine Inoperative (OEI) Performance	a. Critical engine
AI.II.P.K5b	One Engine Inoperative (OEI) Performance	b. Effects of bank angle on VMC
AI.II.P.K5c	One Engine Inoperative (OEI) Performance	c. Zero side slip
AI.II.P.K5d	One Engine Inoperative (OEI) Performance	d. Reasons for loss of directional control
AI.II.P.K6	One Engine Inoperative (OEI) Performance	The relationship between minimum control speed (VMC) and stall speed and the effect of density altitude on that relationship.
AI.II.P.K7	One Engine Inoperative (OEI) Performance	How to determine the best course of action after an engine failure.
AI.II.P.R1	One Engine Inoperative (OEI) Performance	Exceeding the critical angle of attack.
AI.II.P.R2	One Engine Inoperative (OEI) Performance	Loss of directional control.
AI.II.P.R3	One Engine Inoperative (OEI) Performance	Flying over terrain that exceeds the single engine service ceiling.
AI.II.P.R4	One Engine Inoperative (OEI) Performance	Fuel management.
AI.II.P.S1	One Engine Inoperative (OEI) Performance	Compute the expected single engine climb performance.
AI.III.A.K1	Pilot Qualifications	Certification, currency, and recordkeeping requirements, including training and logbook entries.
AI.III.A.K2	Pilot Qualifications	Privileges and limitations of pilot certificates and ratings at student pilot, sport, recreational, private, commercial, and flight instructor levels.
AI.III.A.K3	Pilot Qualifications	Medical certificates: class, expiration, privileges, temporary disqualifications, and operations under BasicMed.
AI.III.A.K4	Pilot Qualifications	Documents pilots must possess to exercise privileges of the specified certificate(s) and rating(s).
AI.III.A.R1	Pilot Qualifications	Proficiency versus currency.
AI.III.A.R2	Pilot Qualifications	Flying unfamiliar aircraft or operating with unfamiliar flight display systems and avionics.
AI.III.A.S1	Pilot Qualifications	Deliver instruction on at least two of the elements specified in K1 through K4.
AI.III.B.K1	Airworthiness Requirements	General airworthiness requirements and compliance for airplanes, including:
AI.III.B.K1a	Airworthiness Requirements	a. Location and expiration dates of required aircraft certificates
AI.III.B.K1b	Airworthiness Requirements	b. Required inspections and aircraft logbook documentation
AI.III.B.K1c	Airworthiness Requirements	c. Airworthiness Directives and Special Airworthiness Information Bulletins
AI.III.B.K1d	Airworthiness Requirements	d. Purpose and procedure for obtaining a special flight permit
AI.III.B.K2	Airworthiness Requirements	Pilot-performed preventive maintenance.
AI.III.B.K3	Airworthiness Requirements	Equipment requirements for day and night VFR flight, including:
AI.III.B.K3a	Airworthiness Requirements	a. Flying with inoperative equipment
AI.III.B.K3b	Airworthiness Requirements	b. Using an approved Minimum Equipment List (MEL)
AI.III.B.K3c	Airworthiness Requirements	c. Kinds of Operation Equipment List (KOEL)
AI.III.B.K3d	Airworthiness Requirements	d. Required discrepancy records or placards
AI.III.B.K4	Airworthiness Requirements	Standard and special airworthiness certificates and their associated operational limitations.
AI.III.B.R1	Airworthiness Requirements	Inoperative equipment discovered prior to flight.
AI.III.B.S1	Airworthiness Requirements	Locate and describe airplane airworthiness and registration information.
AI.III.B.S2	Airworthiness Requirements	Determine the airplane is airworthy in the scenario given by the evaluator.
AI.III.B.S3	Airworthiness Requirements	Apply appropriate procedures for operating with inoperative equipment in a scenario given by the evaluator.
AI.III.C.K1	Weather Information	Sources of weather data (e.g., National Weather Service, Flight Service) for flight planning purposes.
AI.III.C.K2	Weather Information	Acceptable weather products and resources required for preflight planning, current and forecast weather for departure, en route, and arrival phases of flight such as:
AI.III.C.K2a	Weather Information	a. Airport Observations (METAR and SPECI) and Pilot Observations (PIREP)
AI.III.C.K2b	Weather Information	b. Surface Analysis Chart, Ceiling and Visibility Chart (CVA)
AI.III.C.K2c	Weather Information	c. Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF)
AI.III.C.K2d	Weather Information	d. Graphical Forecasts for Aviation (GFA)
AI.III.C.K2e	Weather Information	e. Wind and Temperature Aloft Forecast (FB)
AI.III.C.K2f	Weather Information	f. Convective Outlook (AC)
AI.III.C.K2g	Weather Information	g. Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories including Airmen's Meteorological Information (AIRMET), Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET), and Convective SIGMET
AI.III.C.K3	Weather Information	Meteorology applicable to the departure, en route, alternate, and destination under visual flight rules (VFR) in Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC), including expected climate and hazardous conditions such as:
AI.III.C.K3a	Weather Information	a. Atmospheric composition and stability
AI.III.C.K3b	Weather Information	b. Wind (e.g., windshear, mountain wave, factors affecting wind, etc.)
AI.III.C.K3c	Weather Information	c. Temperature and heat exchange
AI.III.C.K3d	Weather Information	d. Moisture/precipitation
AI.III.C.K3e	Weather Information	e. Weather system formation, including air masses and fronts
AI.III.C.K3f	Weather Information	f. Clouds
AI.III.C.K3g	Weather Information	g. Turbulence
AI.III.C.K3h	Weather Information	h. Thunderstorms and microbursts
AI.III.C.K3i	Weather Information	i. Icing and freezing level information
AI.III.C.K3j	Weather Information	j. Fog/mist
AI.III.C.K3k	Weather Information	k. Frost
AI.III.C.K3l	Weather Information	l. Obstructions to visibility (e.g., smoke, haze, volcanic ash, etc.)
AI.III.C.K4	Weather Information	Flight deck instrument displays of digital weather and aeronautical information.
AI.III.C.R1	Weather Information	Making the go/no-go and continue/divert decisions, including:
AI.III.C.R1a	Weather Information	a. Circumstances that would make diversion prudent
AI.III.C.R1b	Weather Information	b. Personal weather minimums
AI.III.C.R1c	Weather Information	c. Hazardous weather conditions, including known or forecast icing or turbulence aloft
AI.III.C.R2	Weather Information	Use and limitations of:
AI.III.C.R2a	Weather Information	a. Installed onboard weather equipment
AI.III.C.R2b	Weather Information	b. Aviation weather reports and forecasts
AI.III.C.R2c	Weather Information	c. Inflight weather resources
AI.III.C.S1	Weather Information	Use available aviation weather resources to obtain an adequate weather briefing.
AI.III.C.S2	Weather Information	Analyze the implications of at least three of the conditions listed in K3a through K3l, using actual weather or weather conditions provided by the evaluator.
AI.III.C.S3	Weather Information	Correlate weather information to make a go/no-go decision.
AI.IV.A.K1	Maneuver Lesson	Purpose of the maneuver.
AI.IV.A.K2	Maneuver Lesson	Elements of the maneuver and the associated common errors.
AI.IV.A.K3	Maneuver Lesson	Desired outcome(s), including completion standards.
AI.IV.A.R1	Maneuver Lesson	The selected maneuver Task.
AI.IV.A.S1	Maneuver Lesson	Deliver instruction on the selected maneuver using a lesson plan, teaching methods, and teaching aids, as appropriate, that incorporate K1 through K3.
AI.V.A.K1	Preflight Assessment	Pilot self-assessment.
AI.V.A.K2	Preflight Assessment	Determining that the airplane to be used is appropriate and airworthy.
AI.V.A.K3	Preflight Assessment	Airplane preflight inspection, including:
AI.V.A.K3a	Preflight Assessment	a. Which items should be inspected
AI.V.A.K3b	Preflight Assessment	b. The reasons for checking each item
AI.V.A.K3c	Preflight Assessment	c. How to detect possible defects
AI.V.A.K3d	Preflight Assessment	d. The associated regulations
AI.V.A.K4	Preflight Assessment	Environmental factors, including weather, terrain, route selection, and obstructions.
AI.V.A.R1	Preflight Assessment	Pilot.
AI.V.A.R2	Preflight Assessment	Aircraft.
AI.V.A.R3	Preflight Assessment	Environment (e.g., weather, airports, airspace, terrain, obstacles).
AI.V.A.R4	Preflight Assessment	External pressures.
AI.V.A.R5	Preflight Assessment	Aviation security concerns.
AI.V.A.S1	Preflight Assessment	Inspect the airplane with reference to an appropriate checklist.
AI.V.A.S2	Preflight Assessment	Verify the airplane is in condition for safe flight and conforms to its type design.
AI.V.A.S3	Preflight Assessment	Perform self-assessment.
AI.V.A.S4	Preflight Assessment	Continue to assess the environment for safe flight.
AI.V.B.K1	Flight Deck Management	Passenger briefing requirements, including operation and required use of safety restraint systems.
AI.V.B.K2	Flight Deck Management	Use of appropriate checklists.
AI.V.B.K3	Flight Deck Management	Requirements for current and appropriate navigation data.
AI.V.B.K4	Flight Deck Management	Securing items and cargo.
AI.V.B.R1	Flight Deck Management	Use of systems or equipment, including automation and portable electronic devices.
AI.V.B.R2	Flight Deck Management	Inoperative equipment.
AI.V.B.R3	Flight Deck Management	Passenger distractions.
AI.V.B.S1	Flight Deck Management	Secure all items in the aircraft.
AI.V.B.S2	Flight Deck Management	Conduct an appropriate passenger briefing, including identifying the pilot-in-command (PIC), use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, doors, passenger conduct, sterile aircraft, propeller blade avoidance, and emergency procedures.
AI.V.B.S3	Flight Deck Management	Properly program and manage the aircraft's automation, as applicable.
AI.V.B.S4	Flight Deck Management	Appropriately manage risks by utilizing ADM, including SRM/CRM.
AI.V.C.K1	Engine Starting	Starting under various conditions.
AI.V.C.K2	Engine Starting	Starting the engine(s) by use of external power.
AI.V.C.K3	Engine Starting	Engine limitations as they relate to starting.
AI.V.C.R1	Engine Starting	Propeller safety.
AI.V.C.R2	Engine Starting	Use of external power unit.
AI.V.C.R3	Engine Starting	Limitations during starting.
AI.V.C.S1	Engine Starting	Position the airplane properly considering structures, other aircraft, wind, and the safety of nearby persons and property.
AI.V.C.S2	Engine Starting	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.V.D.K1	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	Elements of safe taxi operations.
AI.V.D.K2	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).
AI.V.D.K3	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	Taxi instructions/clearances.
AI.V.D.K4	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	Airport markings, signs, and lights.
AI.V.D.K5	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	Visual indicators for wind.
AI.V.D.K6	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	Aircraft lighting, as appropriate.
AI.V.D.K7	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	Procedures for:
AI.V.D.K7a	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	a. Appropriate flight deck activities prior to taxi, including route planning and identifying the location of Hot Spots
AI.V.D.K7b	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	b. Radio communications at towered and nontowered airports
AI.V.D.K7c	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	c. Entering or crossing runways
AI.V.D.K7d	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	d. Night taxi operations
AI.V.D.K7e	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	e. Low visibility taxi operations
AI.V.D.R1	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	Activities and distractions.
AI.V.D.R2	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
AI.V.D.R3	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	A taxi route or departure runway change.
AI.V.D.R4	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	Runway incursion.
AI.V.D.S1	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	Receive and correctly read back clearances/instructions, if applicable.
AI.V.D.S2	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	Use an airport diagram or taxi chart during taxi, if published, and maintain situational awareness.
AI.V.D.S3	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.
AI.V.D.S4	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.V.D.S5	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	Perform a brake check immediately after the airplane begins moving.
AI.V.D.S6	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	Maintain positive control of the airplane during ground operations by controlling direction and speed without excessive use of brakes.
AI.V.D.S7	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	Comply with airport/taxiway markings, signals, and air traffic control (ATC) clearances and instructions.
AI.V.D.S8	Taxiing, Airport Signs, and Lighting	Position the airplane properly relative to hold lines.
AI.V.E.K1	Taxiing and Sailing	Procedures for various types of taxiing and sailing.
AI.V.E.K2	Taxiing and Sailing	Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).
AI.V.E.K3	Taxiing and Sailing	Taxi instructions/clearances.
AI.V.E.K4	Taxiing and Sailing	Airport/seaplane base markings, signs, and lights.
AI.V.E.K5	Taxiing and Sailing	Visual indicators for wind.
AI.V.E.K6	Taxiing and Sailing	Airplane lighting.
AI.V.E.K7	Taxiing and Sailing	Procedures for:
AI.V.E.K7a	Taxiing and Sailing	a. Appropriate flight deck activities during taxiing or sailing
AI.V.E.K7b	Taxiing and Sailing	b. Radio communications at towered and nontowered seaplane bases
AI.V.E.R1	Taxiing and Sailing	Activities and distractions.
AI.V.E.R2	Taxiing and Sailing	Porpoising and skipping.
AI.V.E.R3	Taxiing and Sailing	Low visibility taxi and sailing operations.
AI.V.E.R4	Taxiing and Sailing	Other aircraft, vessels, and hazards.
AI.V.E.R5	Taxiing and Sailing	Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
AI.V.E.S1	Taxiing and Sailing	Receive and correctly read back clearances/instructions, if applicable.
AI.V.E.S2	Taxiing and Sailing	Use an appropriate airport diagram or taxi chart, if published.
AI.V.E.S3	Taxiing and Sailing	Comply with seaplane base/airport/taxiway markings, signals, and signs.
AI.V.E.S4	Taxiing and Sailing	Depart the dock/mooring buoy or beach/ramp in a safe manner, considering wind, current, traffic, and hazards.
AI.V.E.S5	Taxiing and Sailing	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.V.E.S6	Taxiing and Sailing	Position the flight controls, flaps, doors, water rudders, and power correctly for the existing conditions to follow the desired course while sailing and to prevent or correct for porpoising and skipping during step taxi.
AI.V.E.S7	Taxiing and Sailing	Exhibit procedures for steering and maneuvering while maintaining proper situational awareness and desired orientation, path, and position while taxiing using idle, plow, or step taxi technique, as appropriate.
AI.V.E.S8	Taxiing and Sailing	Plan and follow the most favorable taxi or sailing course for current conditions.
AI.V.E.S9	Taxiing and Sailing	Abide by right-of-way rules, maintain positive airplane control, proper speed, and separation between other aircraft, vessels, and persons.
AI.V.E.S10	Taxiing and Sailing	Comply with applicable taxi elements in Task D if the practical test is conducted in an amphibious airplane.
AI.V.F.K1	Before Takeoff Check	Purpose of before takeoff checklist items, including:
AI.V.F.K1a	Before Takeoff Check	a. Reasons for checking each item
AI.V.F.K1b	Before Takeoff Check	b. Detecting malfunctions
AI.V.F.K1c	Before Takeoff Check	c. Ensuring the aircraft is in safe operating condition as recommended by the manufacturer
AI.V.F.R1	Before Takeoff Check	Division of attention while conducting before takeoff checks.
AI.V.F.R2	Before Takeoff Check	Unexpected runway changes by air traffic control (ATC).
AI.V.F.R3	Before Takeoff Check	Wake turbulence.
AI.V.F.R4	Before Takeoff Check	Potential powerplant failure during takeoff or other malfunction considering operational factors such as airplane characteristics, runway/takeoff path length, surface conditions, environmental conditions, and obstructions.
AI.V.F.S1	Before Takeoff Check	Review takeoff performance.
AI.V.F.S2	Before Takeoff Check	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.V.F.S3	Before Takeoff Check	Position the airplane appropriately considering wind direction and the presence of any aircraft, vessels, or buildings as applicable.
AI.V.F.S4	Before Takeoff Check	Divide attention inside and outside the flight deck.
AI.V.F.S5	Before Takeoff Check	Verify that engine parameters and airplane configuration are suitable.
AI.VI.A.K1	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	How to obtain appropriate radio frequencies.
AI.VI.A.K2	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Proper radio communication procedures and air traffic control (ATC) phraseology.
AI.VI.A.K3	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	ATC light signal recognition.
AI.VI.A.K4	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Appropriate use of transponder(s).
AI.VI.A.K5	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Lost communication procedures.
AI.VI.A.K6	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Equipment issues that could cause loss of communication.
AI.VI.A.K7	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Radar assistance.
AI.VI.A.K8	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Runway Status Lighting Systems.
AI.VI.A.K9	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Common errors related to Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems.
AI.VI.A.R1	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Communication.
AI.VI.A.R2	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Deciding if and when to declare an emergency.
AI.VI.A.S1	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Select and activate appropriate frequencies.
AI.VI.A.S2	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Transmit using standard phraseology and procedures as specified in the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) and Pilot/Controller Glossary.
AI.VI.A.S3	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Acknowledge radio communications and comply with ATC instructions or as directed by the evaluator.
AI.VI.A.S4	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Analyze and correct common errors related to Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems.
AI.VI.B.K1	Traffic Patterns	Towered and nontowered airport operations.
AI.VI.B.K2	Traffic Patterns	Traffic pattern selection for the current conditions.
AI.VI.B.K3	Traffic Patterns	Right-of-way rules.
AI.VI.B.K4	Traffic Patterns	Use of automated weather and airport information.
AI.VI.B.K5	Traffic Patterns	Common errors related to Traffic Patterns.
AI.VI.B.R1	Traffic Patterns	Collision hazards.
AI.VI.B.R2	Traffic Patterns	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VI.B.R3	Traffic Patterns	Windshear and wake turbulence.
AI.VI.B.S1	Traffic Patterns	Identify and interpret airport/seaplane base runways, taxiways, markings, signs, and lighting.
AI.VI.B.S2	Traffic Patterns	Comply with recommended traffic pattern procedures.
AI.VI.B.S3	Traffic Patterns	Correct for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track.
AI.VI.B.S4	Traffic Patterns	Maintain orientation with the runway/landing area in use.
AI.VI.B.S5	Traffic Patterns	Maintain traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet, and the appropriate airspeed, ±10 knots.
AI.VI.B.S6	Traffic Patterns	Maintain situational awareness and proper spacing from other aircraft in the traffic pattern.
AI.VI.B.S7	Traffic Patterns	Analyze and correct common errors related to Traffic Patterns.
AI.VII.A.K1	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Procedures for normal and crosswind takeoff.
AI.VII.A.K2	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.
AI.VII.A.K3	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Best angle of climb speed (VX) and best rate of climb speed (VY).
AI.VII.A.K4	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Appropriate airplane configuration.
AI.VII.A.K5	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Common errors related to Normal Takeoff and Climb.
AI.VII.A.R1	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Selection of runway based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.A.R2	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Effects of:
AI.VII.A.R2a	Normal Takeoff and Climb	a. Crosswind
AI.VII.A.R2b	Normal Takeoff and Climb	b. Windshear
AI.VII.A.R2c	Normal Takeoff and Climb	c. Tailwind
AI.VII.A.R2d	Normal Takeoff and Climb	d. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.A.R2e	Normal Takeoff and Climb	e. Takeoff surface/condition
AI.VII.A.R3	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Abnormal operations, including planning for:
AI.VII.A.R3a	Normal Takeoff and Climb	a. Rejected takeoff
AI.VII.A.R3b	Normal Takeoff and Climb	b. Potential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
AI.VII.A.R4	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Collision hazards.
AI.VII.A.R5	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.A.R6	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.A.R7	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Runway incursion.
AI.VII.A.S1	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.A.S2	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.A.S3	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Verify assigned/correct runway or takeoff path.
AI.VII.A.S4	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
AI.VII.A.S5	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.
AI.VII.A.S6	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Clear the area, taxi into takeoff position, and align the airplane on the runway centerline (ASEL, AMEL) or takeoff path (ASES, AMES).
AI.VII.A.S7	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Retract the water rudders, as appropriate (ASES, AMES).
AI.VII.A.S8	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Advance the throttle smoothly to takeoff power and confirm proper engine and flight instrument indications prior to rotation.
AI.VII.A.S9	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Avoid excessive water spray on the propeller(s) (ASES, AMES).
AI.VII.A.S10	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Establish and maintain the most efficient planing/lift-off attitude, and correct for porpoising or skipping (ASES, AMES).
AI.VII.A.S11	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Rotate and lift off at the recommended airspeed and accelerate to VY.
AI.VII.A.S12	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Establish a pitch attitude to maintain the manufacturer's recommended speed or VY, ±5 knots.
AI.VII.A.S13	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Configure the airplane in accordance with manufacturer's guidance.
AI.VII.A.S14	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Maintain VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.
AI.VII.A.S15	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.
AI.VII.A.S16	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Comply with noise abatement procedures, as applicable.
AI.VII.A.S17	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Analyze and correct common errors related to Normal Takeoff and Climb.
AI.VII.B.K1	Normal Approach and Landing	Procedures for normal and crosswind approach and landing.
AI.VII.B.K2	Normal Approach and Landing	A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AI.VII.B.K3	Normal Approach and Landing	Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
AI.VII.B.K4	Normal Approach and Landing	Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
AI.VII.B.K5	Normal Approach and Landing	Common errors related to Normal Approach and Landing.
AI.VII.B.R1	Normal Approach and Landing	Selection of runway/landing surface, approach path, and touchdown area based on pilot capability, aircraft performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.B.R2	Normal Approach and Landing	Effects of:
AI.VII.B.R2a	Normal Approach and Landing	a. Crosswind
AI.VII.B.R2b	Normal Approach and Landing	b. Windshear
AI.VII.B.R2c	Normal Approach and Landing	c. Tailwind
AI.VII.B.R2d	Normal Approach and Landing	d. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.B.R2e	Normal Approach and Landing	e. Landing surface/condition
AI.VII.B.R3	Normal Approach and Landing	Planning for:
AI.VII.B.R3a	Normal Approach and Landing	a. Rejected landing and go-around
AI.VII.B.R3b	Normal Approach and Landing	b. Land and hold short operations (LAHSO)
AI.VII.B.R4	Normal Approach and Landing	Collision hazards.
AI.VII.B.R5	Normal Approach and Landing	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.B.R6	Normal Approach and Landing	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.B.S1	Normal Approach and Landing	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.B.S2	Normal Approach and Landing	Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.B.S3	Normal Approach and Landing	Ensure the airplane is aligned with the correct/assigned runway or landing surface.
AI.VII.B.S4	Normal Approach and Landing	Scan the runway or landing surface and adjoining area for traffic and obstructions.
AI.VII.B.S5	Normal Approach and Landing	Select and aim for a suitable touchdown point considering the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions.
AI.VII.B.S6	Normal Approach and Landing	Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
AI.VII.B.S7	Normal Approach and Landing	Maintain manufacturer's published approach airspeed or in its absence not more than 1.3 times the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration (VSO), ±5 knots with gust factor applied.
AI.VII.B.S8	Normal Approach and Landing	Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.
AI.VII.B.S9	Normal Approach and Landing	Make smooth, timely, and correct control application during round out and touchdown.
AI.VII.B.S10	Normal Approach and Landing	Touch down at a proper pitch attitude, within 200 feet beyond or on the specified point, with no side drift, and with the airplane's longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.
AI.VII.B.S11	Normal Approach and Landing	Execute a timely go-around if the approach cannot be made within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.
AI.VII.B.S12	Normal Approach and Landing	Analyze and correct common errors related to Normal Approach and Landing.
AI.VII.C.K1	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Purpose of and procedures for soft-field takeoff and climb.
AI.VII.C.K2	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.
AI.VII.C.K3	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Best angle of climb speed (VX) and best rate of climb speed (VY).
AI.VII.C.K4	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Appropriate airplane configuration.
AI.VII.C.K5	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Ground effect.
AI.VII.C.K6	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Importance of weight transfer from wheels to wings.
AI.VII.C.K7	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Left turning tendencies.
AI.VII.C.K8	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Common errors related to Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb.
AI.VII.C.R1	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Selection of runway based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.C.R2	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Effects of:
AI.VII.C.R2a	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	a. Crosswind
AI.VII.C.R2b	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	b. Windshear
AI.VII.C.R2c	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	c. Tailwind
AI.VII.C.R2d	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	d. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.C.R2e	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	e. Runway surface/condition
AI.VII.C.R3	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Abnormal operations, including planning for:
AI.VII.C.R3a	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	a. Rejected takeoff
AI.VII.C.R3b	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	b. Potential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
AI.VII.C.R4	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Collision hazards.
AI.VII.C.R5	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.C.R6	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.C.S1	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.C.S2	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.C.S3	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Verify assigned/correct runway.
AI.VII.C.S4	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
AI.VII.C.S5	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.
AI.VII.C.S6	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Clear the area, maintain necessary flight control inputs, taxi into takeoff position and align the airplane on the runway centerline without stopping, while advancing the throttle smoothly to takeoff power.
AI.VII.C.S7	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Confirm takeoff power and proper engine and flight instrument indications.
AI.VII.C.S8	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Establish and maintain a pitch attitude that transfers the weight of the airplane from the wheels to the wings as rapidly as possible.
AI.VII.C.S9	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Lift off at the lowest possible airspeed and remain in ground effect while accelerating to VX or VY, as appropriate.
AI.VII.C.S10	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Establish a pitch attitude for VX or VY, as appropriate, and maintain selected airspeed ±5 knots during the climb.
AI.VII.C.S11	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Configure the airplane after a positive rate of climb has been verified or in accordance with airplane manufacturer's instructions.
AI.VII.C.S12	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Maintain VX or VY, as appropriate, ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.
AI.VII.C.S13	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.
AI.VII.C.S14	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Comply with noise abatement procedures, as applicable.
AI.VII.C.S15	Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb	Analyze and correct common errors related to Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb.
AI.VII.D.K1	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Purpose of and procedures for soft-field approach and landing.
AI.VII.D.K2	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AI.VII.D.K3	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
AI.VII.D.K4	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
AI.VII.D.K5	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Common errors related to Soft-Field Approach and Landing.
AI.VII.D.R1	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Selection of runway based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.D.R2	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Effects of:
AI.VII.D.R2a	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	a. Crosswind
AI.VII.D.R2b	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	b. Windshear
AI.VII.D.R2c	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	c. Tailwind
AI.VII.D.R2d	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	d. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.D.R2e	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	e. Runway surface/condition
AI.VII.D.R3	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Planning for:
AI.VII.D.R3a	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	a. Rejected landing and go-around
AI.VII.D.R3b	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	b. Land and hold short operations (LAHSO)
AI.VII.D.R4	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Collision hazards.
AI.VII.D.R5	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.D.R6	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.D.S1	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.D.S2	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.D.S3	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Ensure the airplane is aligned with the correct/assigned runway.
AI.VII.D.S4	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Scan the landing runway and adjoining area for traffic and obstructions.
AI.VII.D.S5	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Select and aim for a suitable touchdown point considering the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions.
AI.VII.D.S6	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
AI.VII.D.S7	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Maintain manufacturer's published approach airspeed or in its absence not more than 1.3 times the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration (VSO), ±5 knots with gust factor applied.
AI.VII.D.S8	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.
AI.VII.D.S9	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Make smooth, timely, and correct control inputs during the round out and touchdown, and, for tricycle gear airplanes, keep the nose wheel off the surface until loss of elevator effectiveness.
AI.VII.D.S10	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Touch down at a proper pitch attitude with minimum sink rate, no side drift, and with the airplane's longitudinal axis aligned with the center of the runway.
AI.VII.D.S11	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Maintain elevator as recommended by manufacturer during rollout and exit the "soft" area at a speed that would preclude sinking into the surface.
AI.VII.D.S12	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Execute a timely go-around if the approach cannot be made within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.
AI.VII.D.S13	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Maintain proper position of the flight controls and sufficient speed to taxi while on the soft surface.
AI.VII.D.S14	Soft-Field Approach and Landing	Analyze and correct common errors related to Soft-Field Approach and Landing.
AI.VII.E.K1	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Purpose of and procedures for short-field takeoff and maximum performance climb.
AI.VII.E.K2	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.
AI.VII.E.K3	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Best angle of climb speed (VX) and best rate of climb speed (VY).
AI.VII.E.K4	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Appropriate airplane configuration.
AI.VII.E.K5	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Common errors related to Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb.
AI.VII.E.R1	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Selection of runway based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.E.R2	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Effects of:
AI.VII.E.R2a	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	a. Crosswind
AI.VII.E.R2b	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	b. Windshear
AI.VII.E.R2c	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	c. Tailwind
AI.VII.E.R2d	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	d. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.E.R2e	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	e. Landing surface/condition
AI.VII.E.R3	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Abnormal operations, including planning for:
AI.VII.E.R3a	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	a. Rejected takeoff
AI.VII.E.R3b	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	b. Potential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
AI.VII.E.R4	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Collision hazards.
AI.VII.E.R5	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.E.R6	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.E.S1	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.E.S2	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.E.S3	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Verify assigned/correct runway.
AI.VII.E.S4	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
AI.VII.E.S5	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.
AI.VII.E.S6	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Clear the area, taxi into takeoff position, and align the airplane on the runway centerline utilizing maximum available takeoff area.
AI.VII.E.S7	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Apply brakes while setting engine power to achieve maximum performance.
AI.VII.E.S8	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Confirm takeoff power prior to brake release and verify proper engine and flight instrument indications prior to rotation.
AI.VII.E.S9	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Rotate and lift off at the recommended airspeed and accelerate to the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX, ±5 knots.
AI.VII.E.S10	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Establish a pitch attitude to maintain the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX, ±5 knots until the obstacle is cleared or until the airplane is 50 feet above the surface.
AI.VII.E.S11	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Establish a pitch attitude for VY and accelerate to VY ±5 knots after clearing the obstacle or at 50 feet above ground level (AGL) if simulating an obstacle.
AI.VII.E.S12	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Configure the airplane in accordance with the manufacturer's guidance after a positive rate of climb has been verified.
AI.VII.E.S13	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Maintain VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.
AI.VII.E.S14	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.
AI.VII.E.S15	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Comply with noise abatement procedures, as applicable.
AI.VII.E.S16	Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Analyze and correct common errors related to Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb.
AI.VII.F.K1	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Purpose of and procedures for short-field approach and landing.
AI.VII.F.K2	Short-Field Approach and Landing	A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AI.VII.F.K3	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
AI.VII.F.K4	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
AI.VII.F.K5	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Common errors related to Short-Field Approach and Landing.
AI.VII.F.R1	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Selection of runway based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.F.R2	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Effects of:
AI.VII.F.R2a	Short-Field Approach and Landing	a. Crosswind
AI.VII.F.R2b	Short-Field Approach and Landing	b. Windshear
AI.VII.F.R2c	Short-Field Approach and Landing	c. Tailwind
AI.VII.F.R2d	Short-Field Approach and Landing	d. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.F.R2e	Short-Field Approach and Landing	e. Landing surface/condition
AI.VII.F.R3	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Planning for:
AI.VII.F.R3a	Short-Field Approach and Landing	a. Rejected landing and go-around
AI.VII.F.R3b	Short-Field Approach and Landing	b. Land and hold short operations (LAHSO)
AI.VII.F.R4	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Collision hazards.
AI.VII.F.R5	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.F.R6	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.F.S1	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.F.S2	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.F.S3	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Ensure the airplane is aligned with the correct/assigned runway.
AI.VII.F.S4	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Scan the landing runway and adjoining area for traffic and obstructions.
AI.VII.F.S5	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Select and aim for a suitable touchdown point considering the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions.
AI.VII.F.S6	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
AI.VII.F.S7	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Maintain manufacturer's published approach airspeed or in its absence not more than 1.3 times the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration (VSO), ±5 knots with gust factor applied.
AI.VII.F.S8	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.
AI.VII.F.S9	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Make smooth, timely, and correct control application before, during, and after touchdown.
AI.VII.F.S10	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Touch down at a proper pitch attitude within 100 feet beyond or on the specified point, threshold markings, or runway numbers, with no side drift, minimum float, and with the airplane's longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway centerline.
AI.VII.F.S11	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Use manufacturer's recommended procedures for airplane configuration and braking.
AI.VII.F.S12	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Execute a timely go-around if the approach cannot be made within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.
AI.VII.F.S13	Short-Field Approach and Landing	Analyze and correct common errors related to Short-Field Approach and Landing.
AI.VII.G.K1	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Purpose of and procedures for confined area takeoff and maximum performance climb.
AI.VII.G.K2	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.
AI.VII.G.K3	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Best angle of climb speed (VX) and best rate of climb speed (VY).
AI.VII.G.K4	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Appropriate airplane configuration.
AI.VII.G.K5	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Effects of water surface.
AI.VII.G.K6	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Common errors related to Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb.
AI.VII.G.R1	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Selection of takeoff path based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.G.R2	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Effects of:
AI.VII.G.R2a	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	a. Crosswind
AI.VII.G.R2b	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	b. Windshear
AI.VII.G.R2c	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	c. Tailwind
AI.VII.G.R2d	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	d. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.G.R2e	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	e. Water surface/condition
AI.VII.G.R3	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Abnormal operations, including planning for:
AI.VII.G.R3a	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	a. Rejected takeoff
AI.VII.G.R3b	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	b. Potential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
AI.VII.G.R4	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Collision hazards.
AI.VII.G.R5	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.G.R6	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.G.S1	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.G.S2	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.G.S3	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Verify assigned/correct takeoff path.
AI.VII.G.S4	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
AI.VII.G.S5	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.
AI.VII.G.S6	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Clear the area, taxi into takeoff position utilizing maximum available takeoff area, and align the airplane on the takeoff path.
AI.VII.G.S7	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Retract the water rudders, as appropriate.
AI.VII.G.S8	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Establish a pitch attitude that maintains the most efficient planing/lift-off attitude and correct for porpoising and skipping.
AI.VII.G.S9	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Advance the throttle smoothly to takeoff power and confirm proper engine and flight instrument indications prior to rotation.
AI.VII.G.S10	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Avoid excessive water spray on the propeller(s).
AI.VII.G.S11	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Rotate and lift off at the recommended airspeed, and accelerate to the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX.
AI.VII.G.S12	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Establish a pitch attitude to maintain the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX, ±5 knots until the obstacle is cleared or until the airplane is 50 feet above the surface.
AI.VII.G.S13	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Establish a pitch attitude for VY and accelerate to VY ±5 knots after clearing the obstacle or at 50 feet above ground level (AGL) if simulating an obstacle.
AI.VII.G.S14	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Retract flaps, if extended, after a positive rate of climb has been verified or in accordance with airplane manufacturer's guidance.
AI.VII.G.S15	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Maintain VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.
AI.VII.G.S16	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.
AI.VII.G.S17	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Comply with noise abatement procedures, as applicable.
AI.VII.G.S18	Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb	Analyze and correct common errors related to Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb.
AI.VII.H.K1	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Purpose of and procedures for confined area approach and landing.
AI.VII.H.K2	Confined Area Approach and Landing	A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AI.VII.H.K3	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
AI.VII.H.K4	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
AI.VII.H.K5	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Common errors related to Confined Area Approach and Landing.
AI.VII.H.R1	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Selection of approach path and touchdown area based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.H.R2	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Effects of:
AI.VII.H.R2a	Confined Area Approach and Landing	a. Crosswind
AI.VII.H.R2b	Confined Area Approach and Landing	b. Windshear
AI.VII.H.R2c	Confined Area Approach and Landing	c. Tailwind
AI.VII.H.R2d	Confined Area Approach and Landing	d. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.H.R2e	Confined Area Approach and Landing	e. Water surface/condition
AI.VII.H.R3	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Planning for a go-around and rejected landing.
AI.VII.H.R4	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Collision hazards.
AI.VII.H.R5	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.H.R6	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.H.S1	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.H.S2	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.H.S3	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Ensure the airplane is aligned for an approach to the correct/assigned landing surface.
AI.VII.H.S4	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Scan the landing area for traffic and obstructions.
AI.VII.H.S5	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Select and aim for a suitable touchdown point considering the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions.
AI.VII.H.S6	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
AI.VII.H.S7	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Maintain manufacturer's published approach airspeed or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots with gust factor applied.
AI.VII.H.S8	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.
AI.VII.H.S9	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Make smooth, timely, and correct control application before, during, and after touchdown.
AI.VII.H.S10	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Contact the water at the recommended airspeed with a proper pitch attitude for the surface conditions.
AI.VII.H.S11	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Touch down at a proper pitch attitude, within 100 feet beyond or on the specified point, with no side drift, minimum float, and with the airplane's longitudinal axis aligned with the projected landing path.
AI.VII.H.S12	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Execute a timely go-around if the approach cannot be made within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.
AI.VII.H.S13	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Apply elevator control as necessary to stop in the shortest distance consistent with safety.
AI.VII.H.S14	Confined Area Approach and Landing	Analyze and correct common errors related to Confined Area Approach and Landing.
AI.VII.I.K1	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Purpose of and procedures for glassy water takeoff and climb.
AI.VII.I.K2	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.
AI.VII.I.K3	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Best angle of climb speed (VX) and best rate of climb speed (VY).
AI.VII.I.K4	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Appropriate airplane configuration.
AI.VII.I.K5	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Appropriate use of glassy water takeoff and climb technique.
AI.VII.I.K6	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Common errors related to Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb.
AI.VII.I.R1	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Selection of takeoff path based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, and available distance.
AI.VII.I.R2	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Water surface/condition.
AI.VII.I.R3	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Abnormal operations, including planning for:
AI.VII.I.R3a	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	a. Rejected takeoff
AI.VII.I.R3b	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	b. Potential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
AI.VII.I.R4	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Collision hazards.
AI.VII.I.R5	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.I.R6	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.I.R7	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Gear position in an amphibious airplane.
AI.VII.I.S1	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.I.S2	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.I.S3	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Position flight controls and configure the aircraft for the existing conditions.
AI.VII.I.S4	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Clear the area, select appropriate takeoff path considering surface hazards or vessels and surface conditions.
AI.VII.I.S5	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Retract the water rudders, as appropriate.
AI.VII.I.S6	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Advance the throttle smoothly to takeoff power and confirm proper engine and flight instrument indications prior to rotation.
AI.VII.I.S7	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Establish and maintain an appropriate planing attitude, directional control, and correct for porpoising, skipping, and increase in water drag.
AI.VII.I.S8	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Avoid excessive water spray on the propeller(s).
AI.VII.I.S9	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Use appropriate techniques to lift seaplane from the water considering surface conditions.
AI.VII.I.S10	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Establish proper attitude/airspeed and accelerate to VY ±5 knots during the climb.
AI.VII.I.S11	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Configure the airplane after a positive rate of climb has been verified or in accordance with airplane manufacturer's instructions.
AI.VII.I.S12	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Maintain VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.
AI.VII.I.S13	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Maintain directional control throughout takeoff and climb.
AI.VII.I.S14	Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb	Analyze and correct common errors related to Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb.
AI.VII.J.K1	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	Purpose of and procedures for glassy water approach and landing.
AI.VII.J.K2	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AI.VII.J.K3	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
AI.VII.J.K4	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	When and why glassy water techniques are used.
AI.VII.J.K5	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	Common errors related to Glassy Water Approach and Landing.
AI.VII.J.R1	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	Selection of approach path and touchdown area based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, and available distance.
AI.VII.J.R2	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	Water surface/condition.
AI.VII.J.R3	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	Planning for a go-around and rejected landing.
AI.VII.J.R4	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	Collision hazards.
AI.VII.J.R5	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.J.R6	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.J.R7	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	Gear position in an amphibious airplane.
AI.VII.J.S1	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.J.S2	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.J.S3	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	Scan the landing area for traffic and obstructions.
AI.VII.J.S4	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	Select a proper approach and landing path considering the landing surface, visual attitude references, water depth, and collision hazards.
AI.VII.J.S5	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
AI.VII.J.S6	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	Maintain manufacturer's published approach airspeed or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, ±5 knots.
AI.VII.J.S7	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	Make smooth, timely, and correct power and control adjustments to maintain proper pitch attitude and rate of descent to touchdown.
AI.VII.J.S8	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	Contact the water in a proper pitch attitude, and slow to idle taxi speed.
AI.VII.J.S9	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	Maintain directional control throughout the approach and landing.
AI.VII.J.S10	Glassy Water Approach and Landing	Analyze and correct common errors related to Glassy Water Approach and Landing.
AI.VII.K.K1	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Purpose of and procedures for a rough water takeoff and climb.
AI.VII.K.K2	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.
AI.VII.K.K3	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Best angle of climb speed (VX) and best rate of climb speed (VY).
AI.VII.K.K4	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Appropriate airplane configuration.
AI.VII.K.K5	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Appropriate use of rough water takeoff and climb technique.
AI.VII.K.K6	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Common errors related to Rough Water Takeoff and Climb.
AI.VII.K.R1	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Selection of takeoff path based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.K.R2	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Effects of:
AI.VII.K.R2a	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	a. Crosswind
AI.VII.K.R2b	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	b. Windshear
AI.VII.K.R2c	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	c. Tailwind
AI.VII.K.R2d	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	d. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.K.R2e	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	e. Water surface/condition
AI.VII.K.R3	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Abnormal operations, including planning for:
AI.VII.K.R3a	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	a. Rejected takeoff
AI.VII.K.R3b	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	b. Potential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
AI.VII.K.R4	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Collision hazards.
AI.VII.K.R5	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.K.R6	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.K.R7	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Gear position in an amphibious airplane.
AI.VII.K.S1	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.K.S2	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.K.S3	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Verify assigned/correct takeoff path.
AI.VII.K.S4	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
AI.VII.K.S5	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Position flight controls and configure the airplane for the existing conditions.
AI.VII.K.S6	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Clear the area, select an appropriate takeoff path considering wind, swells, surface hazards, or vessels.
AI.VII.K.S7	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Retract the water rudders, as appropriate.
AI.VII.K.S8	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Advance the throttle smoothly to takeoff power and confirm proper engine and flight instrument indications prior to rotation.
AI.VII.K.S9	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Establish and maintain an appropriate planing attitude, directional control, and correct for porpoising, skipping, and increase in water drag.
AI.VII.K.S10	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Avoid excessive water spray on the propeller(s).
AI.VII.K.S11	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Lift off at minimum airspeed and accelerate to VY ±5 knots before leaving ground effect.
AI.VII.K.S12	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Configure the airplane after a positive rate of climb has been verified or in accordance with airplane manufacturer's instructions.
AI.VII.K.S13	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Maintain VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.
AI.VII.K.S14	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.
AI.VII.K.S15	Rough Water Takeoff and Climb	Analyze and correct common errors related to Rough Water Takeoff and Climb.
AI.VII.L.K1	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Purpose of and procedures for rough water approach and landing.
AI.VII.L.K2	Rough Water Approach and Landing	A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AI.VII.L.K3	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
AI.VII.L.K4	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
AI.VII.L.K5	Rough Water Approach and Landing	When and why rough water techniques are used.
AI.VII.L.K6	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Common errors related to Rough Water Approach and Landing.
AI.VII.L.R1	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Selection of approach path and touchdown area based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.L.R2	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Effects of:
AI.VII.L.R2a	Rough Water Approach and Landing	a. Crosswind
AI.VII.L.R2b	Rough Water Approach and Landing	b. Windshear
AI.VII.L.R2c	Rough Water Approach and Landing	c. Tailwind
AI.VII.L.R2d	Rough Water Approach and Landing	d. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.L.R2e	Rough Water Approach and Landing	e. Water surface/condition
AI.VII.L.R3	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Planning for a go-around and rejected landing.
AI.VII.L.R4	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Collision hazards.
AI.VII.L.R5	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.L.R6	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.L.R7	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Gear position in an amphibious airplane.
AI.VII.L.S1	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.L.S2	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.L.S3	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Ensure the airplane is aligned with the correct/assigned waterway.
AI.VII.L.S4	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Scan the landing area for traffic and obstructions.
AI.VII.L.S5	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Select and aim for a suitable touchdown point considering the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions.
AI.VII.L.S6	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
AI.VII.L.S7	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Maintain manufacturer's published approach airspeed or in its absence not more than 1.3 times the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration (VSO), ±5 knots with gust factor applied.
AI.VII.L.S8	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.
AI.VII.L.S9	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Make smooth, timely, and correct power and control adjustments to maintain proper pitch attitude and rate of descent to touchdown.
AI.VII.L.S10	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Contact the water in a proper pitch attitude, considering the type of rough water.
AI.VII.L.S11	Rough Water Approach and Landing	Analyze and correct common errors related to Rough Water Approach and Landing.
AI.VII.M.K1	Slip to a Landing	Purpose of and procedures for forward or side slip to a landing.
AI.VII.M.K2	Slip to a Landing	Concepts of energy management during a forward or side slip approach.
AI.VII.M.K3	Slip to a Landing	Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
AI.VII.M.K4	Slip to a Landing	Wind correction techniques during a forward or side slip.
AI.VII.M.K5	Slip to a Landing	Common errors related to Slip to a Landing.
AI.VII.M.R1	Slip to a Landing	Selection of runway/landing surface, approach path, and touchdown area based on pilot capability, aircraft performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.M.R2	Slip to a Landing	Effects of:
AI.VII.M.R2a	Slip to a Landing	a. Crosswind
AI.VII.M.R2b	Slip to a Landing	b. Windshear
AI.VII.M.R2c	Slip to a Landing	c. Tailwind
AI.VII.M.R2d	Slip to a Landing	d. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.M.R2e	Slip to a Landing	e. Landing surface/condition
AI.VII.M.R3	Slip to a Landing	Planning for:
AI.VII.M.R3a	Slip to a Landing	a. Rejected landing and go-around
AI.VII.M.R3b	Slip to a Landing	b. Land and hold short operations (LAHSO)
AI.VII.M.R4	Slip to a Landing	Collision hazards.
AI.VII.M.R5	Slip to a Landing	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.M.R6	Slip to a Landing	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.M.R7	Slip to a Landing	Forward slip operations, including fuel flowage, tail stalls with flaps, and airspeed control.
AI.VII.M.R8	Slip to a Landing	Surface contact with the airplane's longitudinal axis misaligned.
AI.VII.M.R9	Slip to a Landing	Unstable approach.
AI.VII.M.S1	Slip to a Landing	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.M.S2	Slip to a Landing	Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.M.S3	Slip to a Landing	Plan and follow a flightpath to the selected landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions.
AI.VII.M.S4	Slip to a Landing	Select the most suitable touchdown point based on wind, landing surface, obstructions, and airplane limitations.
AI.VII.M.S5	Slip to a Landing	Position airplane on downwind leg, parallel to landing runway or selected landing surface.
AI.VII.M.S6	Slip to a Landing	Configure the airplane correctly.
AI.VII.M.S7	Slip to a Landing	As necessary, correlate crosswind with direction of slip and transition to sideslip as appropriate before touchdown.
AI.VII.M.S8	Slip to a Landing	Touch down at a proper pitch attitude, within 400 feet beyond or on the specified point, with no side drift, and with the airplane's longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.
AI.VII.M.S9	Slip to a Landing	Maintain a ground track aligned with the runway center/landing path.
AI.VII.M.S10	Slip to a Landing	Analyze and correct common errors related to Slip to a Landing.
AI.VII.N.K1	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Purpose of and procedures for go-around or rejected landing.
AI.VII.N.K2	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AI.VII.N.K3	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind and density altitude, on a go-around or rejected landing.
AI.VII.N.K4	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Wind correction techniques on takeoff/departure and approach/landing.
AI.VII.N.K5	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Common errors related to Go-Around/Rejected Landing.
AI.VII.N.R1	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Delayed recognition of the need for a go-around/rejected landing.
AI.VII.N.R2	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Delayed performance of a go-around at low altitude.
AI.VII.N.R3	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Power application.
AI.VII.N.R4	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Configuring the airplane.
AI.VII.N.R5	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Collision hazards.
AI.VII.N.R6	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.N.R7	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.N.R8	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Managing a go-around/rejected landing after accepting a LAHSO clearance.
AI.VII.N.R9	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Runway incursion.
AI.VII.N.S1	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.N.S2	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.N.S3	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Make a timely decision to discontinue the approach to landing.
AI.VII.N.S4	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Apply takeoff power immediately and transition to climb pitch attitude for VX or VY as appropriate ±5 knots.
AI.VII.N.S5	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Configure the airplane after a positive rate of climb has been verified or in accordance with airplane manufacturer's instructions.
AI.VII.N.S6	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Maneuver to the side of the runway/landing area when necessary to clear and avoid conflicting traffic.
AI.VII.N.S7	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Maintain VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.
AI.VII.N.S8	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout the climb.
AI.VII.N.S9	Go-Around/Rejected Landing	Analyze and correct common errors related to Go-Around/Rejected Landing.
AI.VII.O.K1	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	Purpose of and procedures for proper 180° accuracy approach and landing.
AI.VII.O.K2	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AI.VII.O.K3	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing.
AI.VII.O.K4	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
AI.VII.O.K5	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	Common errors related to Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing.
AI.VII.O.R1	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	Selection of runway/landing surface, approach path, and touchdown area based on pilot capability, aircraft performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.O.R2	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	Effects of:
AI.VII.O.R2a	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	a. Crosswind
AI.VII.O.R2b	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	b. Windshear
AI.VII.O.R2c	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	c. Tailwind
AI.VII.O.R2d	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	d. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.O.R2e	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	e. Landing surface/condition
AI.VII.O.R3	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	Planning for:
AI.VII.O.R3a	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	a. Rejected landing and go-around
AI.VII.O.R3b	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	b. Land and hold short operations (LAHSO)
AI.VII.O.R4	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	Collision hazards.
AI.VII.O.R5	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.O.R6	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.O.R7	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	Forward slip operations, including fuel flowage, tail stalls with flaps, and airspeed control.
AI.VII.O.S1	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.O.S2	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.O.S3	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	Plan and follow a flightpath to the selected landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions.
AI.VII.O.S4	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	Select the most suitable touchdown point based on wind, landing surface, obstructions, and aircraft limitations.
AI.VII.O.S5	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	Position airplane on downwind leg, parallel to landing runway.
AI.VII.O.S6	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	Correctly configure the airplane.
AI.VII.O.S7	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	As necessary, correlate crosswind with direction of forward slip and transition to side slip before touchdown.
AI.VII.O.S8	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	Touch down at a proper pitch attitude, within 200 feet beyond or on the specified point with no side drift and with the airplane's longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway centerline or landing path, as applicable.
AI.VII.O.S9	Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing	Analyze and correct common errors related to Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing.
AI.VIII.A.K1	Straight-and-Level Flight	Purpose of and procedures for proper straight-and-level flight.
AI.VIII.A.K2	Straight-and-Level Flight	Flight control and trim use.
AI.VIII.A.K3	Straight-and-Level Flight	The pilot's visual references when performing the maneuver.
AI.VIII.A.K4	Straight-and-Level Flight	Integrated flight instruction.
AI.VIII.A.K5	Straight-and-Level Flight	Common errors related to Straight-and-Level Flight.
AI.VIII.A.R1	Straight-and-Level Flight	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VIII.A.R2	Straight-and-Level Flight	Collision hazards.
AI.VIII.A.S1	Straight-and-Level Flight	Establish and maintain straight-and-level flight.
AI.VIII.A.S2	Straight-and-Level Flight	Analyze and correct common errors related to Straight-and-Level Flight.
AI.VIII.B.K1	Level Turns	Purpose of and procedures for level turns.
AI.VIII.B.K2	Level Turns	Flight control and trim use.
AI.VIII.B.K3	Level Turns	The pilot's visual references when performing the maneuver.
AI.VIII.B.K4	Level Turns	Integrated flight instruction.
AI.VIII.B.K5	Level Turns	Common errors related to Level Turns.
AI.VIII.B.R1	Level Turns	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VIII.B.R2	Level Turns	Collision hazards.
AI.VIII.B.S1	Level Turns	Establish, maintain, and roll out of a level turn.
AI.VIII.B.S2	Level Turns	Analyze and correct common errors related to Level Turns.
AI.VIII.C.K1	Straight Climbs and Climbing Turns	Purpose of and procedures for straight climbs and climbing turns.
AI.VIII.C.K2	Straight Climbs and Climbing Turns	Flight control and trim use.
AI.VIII.C.K3	Straight Climbs and Climbing Turns	The pilot's visual references when performing the maneuver.
AI.VIII.C.K4	Straight Climbs and Climbing Turns	Integrated flight instruction.
AI.VIII.C.K5	Straight Climbs and Climbing Turns	Common errors related to Straight Climbs and Climbing Turns.
AI.VIII.C.R1	Straight Climbs and Climbing Turns	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VIII.C.R2	Straight Climbs and Climbing Turns	Collision hazards.
AI.VIII.C.S1	Straight Climbs and Climbing Turns	Establish, maintain, and level off from climbs and climbing turns.
AI.VIII.C.S2	Straight Climbs and Climbing Turns	Analyze and correct common errors related to Straight Climbs and Climbing Turns.
AI.VIII.D.K1	Straight Descents and Descending Turns	Purpose of and procedures for straight descents and descending turns.
AI.VIII.D.K2	Straight Descents and Descending Turns	Flight control and trim use.
AI.VIII.D.K3	Straight Descents and Descending Turns	The pilot's visual references when performing the maneuver.
AI.VIII.D.K4	Straight Descents and Descending Turns	Integrated flight instruction.
AI.VIII.D.K5	Straight Descents and Descending Turns	Common errors related to Straight Descents and Descending Turns.
AI.VIII.D.R1	Straight Descents and Descending Turns	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VIII.D.R2	Straight Descents and Descending Turns	Collision hazards.
AI.VIII.D.S1	Straight Descents and Descending Turns	Establish, maintain, and level off from straight descents and descending turns.
AI.VIII.D.S2	Straight Descents and Descending Turns	Analyze and correct common errors related to Straight Descents and Descending Turns.
AI.IX.A.K1	Steep Turns	Purpose of and procedures for steep turn.
AI.IX.A.K2	Steep Turns	Pilot sensations and control forces.
AI.IX.A.K3	Steep Turns	Aerodynamics associated with steep turns, including:
AI.IX.A.K3a	Steep Turns	a. Maintaining coordinated flight
AI.IX.A.K3b	Steep Turns	b. Overbanking tendencies
AI.IX.A.K3c	Steep Turns	c. Maneuvering speed, including the impact of weight changes
AI.IX.A.K3d	Steep Turns	d. Load factor and accelerated stalls
AI.IX.A.K3e	Steep Turns	e. Rate and radius of turn
AI.IX.A.K4	Steep Turns	Common errors related to Steep Turns.
AI.IX.A.R1	Steep Turns	Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.
AI.IX.A.R2	Steep Turns	Collision hazards.
AI.IX.A.R3	Steep Turns	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.IX.A.R4	Steep Turns	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.IX.A.R5	Steep Turns	Uncoordinated flight.
AI.IX.A.S1	Steep Turns	Clear the area.
AI.IX.A.S2	Steep Turns	Establish the manufacturer's recommended airspeed; or if one is not available, an airspeed not to exceed maneuvering speed (VA).
AI.IX.A.S3	Steep Turns	Roll into a coordinated 360° steep turn with approximately a 50° bank.
AI.IX.A.S4	Steep Turns	Perform the Task in the opposite direction.
AI.IX.A.S5	Steep Turns	Maintain the entry altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, bank ±5°, and roll out on the entry heading ±10°.
AI.IX.A.S6	Steep Turns	Analyze and correct common errors related to Steep Turns.
AI.IX.B.K1	Steep Spiral	Purpose of and procedures for a proper steep spiral.
AI.IX.B.K2	Steep Spiral	Relationship to emergency landing procedures.
AI.IX.B.K3	Steep Spiral	Maintaining a constant radius about a point.
AI.IX.B.K4	Steep Spiral	Effects of wind on ground track and relation to a ground reference.
AI.IX.B.K5	Steep Spiral	Common errors related to Steep Spiral.
AI.IX.B.R1	Steep Spiral	Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.
AI.IX.B.R2	Steep Spiral	Collision hazards.
AI.IX.B.R3	Steep Spiral	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.IX.B.R4	Steep Spiral	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.IX.B.R5	Steep Spiral	Uncoordinated flight.
AI.IX.B.R6	Steep Spiral	Effects of wind.
AI.IX.B.R7	Steep Spiral	Airframe or airspeed limitations.
AI.IX.B.S1	Steep Spiral	Clear the area.
AI.IX.B.S2	Steep Spiral	Select an altitude sufficient to continue through a series of at least three, 360° turns.
AI.IX.B.S3	Steep Spiral	Establish and maintain a steep spiral, not to exceed 60° angle of bank, to maintain a constant radius about a suitable ground reference point.
AI.IX.B.S4	Steep Spiral	Apply wind-drift correction to track a constant radius circle around selected reference point with bank not to exceed 60° a steepest point in turn.
AI.IX.B.S5	Steep Spiral	Divide attention between airplane control, traffic avoidance and the ground track while maintaining coordinated flight.
AI.IX.B.S6	Steep Spiral	Maintain the specified airspeed, ±10 knots and roll out toward an object or specified heading, ±10°, and complete the maneuver no lower than 1,500 feet above ground level (AGL).
AI.IX.B.S7	Steep Spiral	Analyze and correct common errors related to Steep Spiral.
AI.IX.C.K1	Chandelles	Purpose of and procedures for chandelles.
AI.IX.C.K2	Chandelles	Aerodynamics associated with chandelles, including:
AI.IX.C.K2a	Chandelles	a. Maintaining coordinated flight
AI.IX.C.K2b	Chandelles	b. Overbanking tendencies
AI.IX.C.K2c	Chandelles	c. Maneuvering speed, including the impact of weight changes
AI.IX.C.K2d	Chandelles	d. Accelerated stalls
AI.IX.C.K3	Chandelles	Appropriate airplane configuration for maximum performance climb.
AI.IX.C.K4	Chandelles	Proper pitch control required for continuously decreasing airspeed.
AI.IX.C.K5	Chandelles	Common errors related to Chandelles.
AI.IX.C.R1	Chandelles	Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.
AI.IX.C.R2	Chandelles	Collision hazards.
AI.IX.C.R3	Chandelles	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.IX.C.R4	Chandelles	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.IX.C.R5	Chandelles	Uncoordinated flight.
AI.IX.C.R6	Chandelles	Energy management.
AI.IX.C.R7	Chandelles	Rate and radius of turn with confined area operations.
AI.IX.C.S1	Chandelles	Clear the area.
AI.IX.C.S2	Chandelles	Select an altitude that allows the maneuver to be performed no lower than 1,500 feet above ground level (AGL).
AI.IX.C.S3	Chandelles	Establish the appropriate entry configuration, power, and airspeed.
AI.IX.C.S4	Chandelles	Establish the angle of bank at approximately 30°.
AI.IX.C.S5	Chandelles	Simultaneously apply power and pitch to maintain a smooth, coordinated climbing turn, in either direction, to the 90° point, with a constant bank and continuously decreasing airspeed.
AI.IX.C.S6	Chandelles	Begin a coordinated constant rate rollout from the 90° point to the 180° point maintaining power and a constant pitch attitude.
AI.IX.C.S7	Chandelles	Complete rollout at the 180° point, ±10° just above a stall airspeed, and maintaining that airspeed momentarily avoiding a stall.
AI.IX.C.S8	Chandelles	Resume a straight-and-level flight with minimum loss of altitude.
AI.IX.C.S9	Chandelles	Analyze and correct common errors related to Chandelles.
AI.IX.D.K1	Lazy Eights	Purpose of and procedures for lazy eights.
AI.IX.D.K2	Lazy Eights	Aerodynamics associated with lazy eights, including how to maintain coordinated flight.
AI.IX.D.K3	Lazy Eights	Performance and airspeed limitations.
AI.IX.D.K4	Lazy Eights	Phases of the lazy eight maneuver from entry to recovery.
AI.IX.D.K5	Lazy Eights	Common errors related to Lazy Eights.
AI.IX.D.R1	Lazy Eights	Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.
AI.IX.D.R2	Lazy Eights	Collision hazards.
AI.IX.D.R3	Lazy Eights	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.IX.D.R4	Lazy Eights	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.IX.D.R5	Lazy Eights	Uncoordinated flight.
AI.IX.D.R6	Lazy Eights	Energy management.
AI.IX.D.R7	Lazy Eights	Accelerated stalls.
AI.IX.D.S1	Lazy Eights	Clear the area.
AI.IX.D.S2	Lazy Eights	Select an altitude that allows the maneuver to be performed no lower than 1,500 feet above ground level (AGL).
AI.IX.D.S3	Lazy Eights	Establish the recommended entry configuration, power, and airspeed.
AI.IX.D.S4	Lazy Eights	Maintain coordinated flight throughout the maneuver.
AI.IX.D.S5	Lazy Eights	Complete the maneuver in accordance with the following:
AI.IX.D.S5a	Lazy Eights	a. Approximately 30° bank at the steepest point
AI.IX.D.S5b	Lazy Eights	b. Constant change of pitch and roll rate and airspeed
AI.IX.D.S5c	Lazy Eights	c. Altitude at 180° point, ±100 feet from entry altitude
AI.IX.D.S5d	Lazy Eights	d. Airspeed at the 180° point, ±10 knots from entry airspeed
AI.IX.D.S5e	Lazy Eights	e. Heading at the 180° point, ±10°
AI.IX.D.S6	Lazy Eights	Continue the maneuver through the number of symmetrical loops specified, then resume straight-and- level flight.
AI.IX.D.S7	Lazy Eights	Analyze and correct common errors related to Lazy Eights.
AI.IX.E.K1	Ground Reference Maneuvers	Purpose of and procedures for ground reference maneuvers.
AI.IX.E.K2	Ground Reference Maneuvers	Effects of wind on ground track and relation to a ground reference.
AI.IX.E.K3	Ground Reference Maneuvers	Effects of bank angle and groundspeed on rate and radius of turn.
AI.IX.E.K4	Ground Reference Maneuvers	Relationship of rectangular course to airport traffic pattern.
AI.IX.E.K5	Ground Reference Maneuvers	Common errors related to Ground Reference Maneuvers.
AI.IX.E.R1	Ground Reference Maneuvers	Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.
AI.IX.E.R2	Ground Reference Maneuvers	Collision hazards.
AI.IX.E.R3	Ground Reference Maneuvers	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.IX.E.R4	Ground Reference Maneuvers	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.IX.E.R5	Ground Reference Maneuvers	Uncoordinated flight.
AI.IX.E.S1	Ground Reference Maneuvers	Clear the area.
AI.IX.E.S2	Ground Reference Maneuvers	Select a suitable ground reference area, line, or point as appropriate.
AI.IX.E.S3	Ground Reference Maneuvers	Plan the maneuver:
AI.IX.E.S3a	Ground Reference Maneuvers	a. Rectangular course: enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 1,000 feet above ground level (AGL) at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45° to the downwind leg
AI.IX.E.S3b	Ground Reference Maneuvers	b. S-turns: enter perpendicular to the selected reference line, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area
AI.IX.E.S3c	Ground Reference Maneuvers	c. Turns around a point: enter at an appropriate distance from the reference point, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area
AI.IX.E.S4	Ground Reference Maneuvers	Apply adequate wind-drift correction during straight and turning flight to maintain a constant ground track around a rectangular reference area, or to maintain a constant radius turn on each side of a selected reference line or point.
AI.IX.E.S5	Ground Reference Maneuvers	If performing S-Turns, reverse the turn directly over the selected reference line; if performing turns around a point, complete turns in either direction, as specified by the evaluator.
AI.IX.E.S6	Ground Reference Maneuvers	Divide attention between airplane control, traffic avoidance and the ground track while maintaining coordinated flight.
AI.IX.E.S7	Ground Reference Maneuvers	Maintain altitude ±100 feet; maintain airspeed ±10 knots.
AI.IX.E.S8	Ground Reference Maneuvers	Analyze and correct common errors related to Ground Reference Maneuvers.
AI.IX.F.K1	Eights on Pylons	Purpose of and procedures for eights on pylons.
AI.IX.F.K2	Eights on Pylons	Aerodynamics associated with the eights on pylons, including coordinated and uncoordinated flight.
AI.IX.F.K3	Eights on Pylons	Pivotal altitude and factors that affect it.
AI.IX.F.K4	Eights on Pylons	Effect of wind on ground track.
AI.IX.F.K5	Eights on Pylons	Phases of the eights on pylons maneuver from entry to recovery.
AI.IX.F.K6	Eights on Pylons	Common errors related to Eights on Pylons.
AI.IX.F.R1	Eights on Pylons	Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.
AI.IX.F.R2	Eights on Pylons	Collision hazards.
AI.IX.F.R3	Eights on Pylons	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.IX.F.R4	Eights on Pylons	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.IX.F.R5	Eights on Pylons	Uncoordinated flight.
AI.IX.F.R6	Eights on Pylons	Energy management.
AI.IX.F.R7	Eights on Pylons	Emergency landing considerations.
AI.IX.F.S1	Eights on Pylons	Clear the area.
AI.IX.F.S2	Eights on Pylons	Determine the approximate pivotal altitude.
AI.IX.F.S3	Eights on Pylons	Select suitable pylons that permits straight-and-level flight between the pylons.
AI.IX.F.S4	Eights on Pylons	Enter the maneuver in the correct direction and position using an appropriate altitude and airspeed.
AI.IX.F.S5	Eights on Pylons	Establish the correct bank angle for the conditions, not to exceed 40°.
AI.IX.F.S6	Eights on Pylons	Apply smooth and continuous corrections so that the line-of-sight reference line remains on the pylon.
AI.IX.F.S7	Eights on Pylons	Divide attention between accurate, coordinated airplane control and outside visual references.
AI.IX.F.S8	Eights on Pylons	Maintain pylon position using appropriate pivotal altitude, avoiding slips and skids.
AI.IX.F.S9	Eights on Pylons	Analyze and correct common errors related to Eights on Pylons.
AI.X.A.K1	Maneuvering During Slow Flight	Purpose of and procedures for proper slow flight.
AI.X.A.K2	Maneuvering During Slow Flight	Aerodynamics associated with slow flight in various airplane configurations, including the relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, airplane weight and center of gravity, airplane attitude, and yaw effects.
AI.X.A.K3	Maneuvering During Slow Flight	Common errors related to Maneuvering During Slow Flight.
AI.X.A.R1	Maneuvering During Slow Flight	Inadvertent slow flight and flight with a stall warning, which could lead to loss of control.
AI.X.A.R2	Maneuvering During Slow Flight	Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.A.R3	Maneuvering During Slow Flight	Uncoordinated flight.
AI.X.A.R4	Maneuvering During Slow Flight	Effect of environmental elements on airplane performance (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high- density altitude).
AI.X.A.R5	Maneuvering During Slow Flight	Collision hazards.
AI.X.A.R6	Maneuvering During Slow Flight	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.X.A.S1	Maneuvering During Slow Flight	Clear the area.
AI.X.A.S2	Maneuvering During Slow Flight	Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet above ground level (AGL) (ASEL, ASES) or 3,000 feet AGL (AMEL, AMES).
AI.X.A.S3	Maneuvering During Slow Flight	Establish and maintain an airspeed at which any further increase in angle of attack, increase in load factor, or reduction in power, would result in a stall warning (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.A.S4	Maneuvering During Slow Flight	Accomplish coordinated straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents with the aircraft configured as specified by the evaluator without a stall warning (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.A.S5	Maneuvering During Slow Flight	Maintain the specified altitude, ±50 feet; specified heading, ±10°; airspeed, +5/-0 knots; and specified angle of bank, ±5°.
AI.X.A.S6	Maneuvering During Slow Flight	Analyze and correct common errors related to Maneuvering During Slow Flight.
AI.X.B.K1	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Purpose of and procedures for demonstration of flight characteristics at various configurations and airspeeds.
AI.X.B.K2	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Power required at various airspeeds between cruise airspeed and critically slow airspeeds near the critical angle of attack.
AI.X.B.K3	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	The minimum power required speed and its role in differentiating the region of normal command and the region of reversed command on the power-required curve.
AI.X.B.K4	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	The relationships between lift, drag, angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power required, weight, center of gravity, attitude, yaw effects, controllability, and stalls and spins.
AI.X.B.K5	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Pitch, power, and trim control inputs that are required to operate the airplane in level flight, turns, climbs, and descents and how the control inputs change at various airspeeds between cruise airspeed and critically slow airspeeds.
AI.X.B.K6	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Flight characteristics and aerodynamics associated with configuration changes applicable to the specific to the make and model of airplane provided for the practical test.
AI.X.B.K7	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Airspeeds specific to the airplane for various operations, how to identify them on the airspeed indicator (if applicable), and their significance in airplane performance, including:
AI.X.B.K7a	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	a. Design/operating maneuvering speed
AI.X.B.K7b	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	b. Landing gear extended/operating speed, if applicable
AI.X.B.K7c	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	c. Flaps extended/operating speed, if applicable
AI.X.B.K7d	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	d. Best glide speed
AI.X.B.K7e	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	e. Reference landing speed
AI.X.B.K7f	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	f. Stalling speeds
AI.X.B.K8	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Common errors related to Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and.
AI.X.B.R1	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Lack of familiarity with airplane airspeed limitations and interpretation of the airspeed indicator.
AI.X.B.R2	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Exceeding airspeed limitations.
AI.X.B.R3	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Flight characteristics in the region of reversed command and the potential for loss of control.
AI.X.B.R4	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Inadvertent exceedance of the critical angle of attack.
AI.X.B.R5	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Range, limitations, and operational characteristics of airspeed indicators and stall warning indicators (e.g., airplane buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.B.R6	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Unacknowledged stall warning indications.
AI.X.B.R7	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Effects of environmental elements on airplane performance and controllability. (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high density altitude).
AI.X.B.R8	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Collision hazards.
AI.X.B.R9	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Maneuvering at critically slow airspeeds.
AI.X.B.S1	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Conduct and explain the procedure, manage the associated risk, and fly the airplane, while maintaining altitude ±100 feet, airspeed +5/-0 knots, heading ±10°, and specified bank angle ±5°, as appropriate.
AI.X.B.S2	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Select an altitude that allows the maneuver to be performed no lower than 1,500 feet above ground level (AGL).
AI.X.B.S3	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Clear the area.
AI.X.B.S4	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Clean configuration demonstration:
AI.X.B.S4a	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	a. Establish and maintain design/operating maneuvering speed appropriate to the airplane's weight while describing pitch, power, and trim inputs to maintain altitude and airspeed, then;
AI.X.B.S4b	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	b. With gear and flaps retracted (as applicable), slow the airplane to, and maintain, best glide speed (or as specified by evaluator), noting the power setting required, then;
AI.X.B.S4c	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	c. Continue to slow the airplane to, and maintain, an airspeed at which any further increase in angle of attack, increase in load factor, or reduction in power would result in an immediate stall, and maintain that airspeed in level flight, noting the airspeed and power setting required, while;
AI.X.B.S4d	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	d. Verbally acknowledging stall warning indications, then;
AI.X.B.S4e	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	e. Without changing power setting, lower the pitch attitude and accelerate to a faster airspeed until reestablishing the airplane in level flight, noting the new airspeed and amount of altitude lost, then;
AI.X.B.S4f	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	f. Return to normal cruise flight at the altitude and heading specified by the evaluator
AI.X.B.S5	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Landing configuration demonstration.
AI.X.B.S5a	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	a. Establish and maintain design/operating maneuvering speed appropriate to the airplane's weight while describing pitch, power, and trim inputs to maintain altitude and airspeed, then;
AI.X.B.S5b	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	b. Slow the airplane to, and maintain, the appropriate limiting airspeeds and fully extend the landing gear and flaps (as appropriate), then;
AI.X.B.S5c	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	c. With gear and flaps fully extended (as applicable), slow the airplane to, and maintain, reference landing speed (or as specified by the evaluator), noting the power setting required, then;
AI.X.B.S5d	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	d. With gear and flaps fully extended, continue to slow the airplane to, and maintain, an airspeed at which any further increase in angle of attack, increase in load factor, or reduction in power would result in an immediate stall, and maintain that airspeed in level flight, noting the airspeed and power setting required, while;
AI.X.B.S5e	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	e. Verbally acknowledging stall warning indications, then;
AI.X.B.S5f	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	f. Without changing power setting, lower the pitch attitude and accelerate to a faster airspeed until reestablishing the airplane in in level flight, noting the new airspeed and amount of altitude lost, then;
AI.X.B.S5g	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	g. Return to normal cruise flight at the altitude and heading specified by the evaluator
AI.X.B.S6	Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and	Analyze and correct common errors related to Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and.
AI.X.C.K1	Power-Off Stalls	Purpose of and procedures for power-off stalls.
AI.X.C.K2	Power-Off Stalls	Aerodynamics associated with stalls in various airplane configurations, including the relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, airplane weight and center of gravity, airplane attitude, and yaw effects.
AI.X.C.K3	Power-Off Stalls	Stall characteristics as they relate to airplane design, and recognition impending stall and full stall indications using sight, sound, or feel.
AI.X.C.K4	Power-Off Stalls	Factors and situations that can lead to a power-off stall and actions that can be taken to prevent it.
AI.X.C.K5	Power-Off Stalls	Fundamentals of stall recovery.
AI.X.C.K6	Power-Off Stalls	Common errors related to Power-Off Stalls.
AI.X.C.R1	Power-Off Stalls	Factors and situations that could lead to an inadvertent power-off stall, spin, and loss of control.
AI.X.C.R2	Power-Off Stalls	Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.C.R3	Power-Off Stalls	Stall warning(s) during normal operations.
AI.X.C.R4	Power-Off Stalls	Stall recovery procedure.
AI.X.C.R5	Power-Off Stalls	Secondary stalls, accelerated stalls, and cross-control stalls.
AI.X.C.R6	Power-Off Stalls	Effect of environmental elements on airplane performance related to power-off stalls (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).
AI.X.C.R7	Power-Off Stalls	Collision hazards.
AI.X.C.R8	Power-Off Stalls	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.X.C.S1	Power-Off Stalls	Clear the area.
AI.X.C.S2	Power-Off Stalls	Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet above ground level (AGL) (ASEL, ASES) or 3,000 feet AGL (AMEL, AMES).
AI.X.C.S3	Power-Off Stalls	Configure the airplane in the approach or landing configuration, as specified by the evaluator, and maintain coordinated flight throughout the maneuver.
AI.X.C.S4	Power-Off Stalls	Establish a stabilized descent.
AI.X.C.S5	Power-Off Stalls	Transition smoothly from the approach or landing attitude to a pitch attitude that induces a stall.
AI.X.C.S6	Power-Off Stalls	Maintain a specified heading, ±10° if in straight flight; maintain a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20°, ±5° if in turning flight, until an impending or full stall occurs, as specified by the evaluator.
AI.X.C.S7	Power-Off Stalls	Acknowledge the cues at the first indication of a stall (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.C.S8	Power-Off Stalls	Recover at the first indication of a stall or after a full stall has occurred, as specified by the evaluator.
AI.X.C.S9	Power-Off Stalls	Configure the airplane as recommended by the manufacturer, and accelerate to best angle of climb speed (VX) or best rate of climb speed (VY).
AI.X.C.S10	Power-Off Stalls	Return to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the evaluator.
AI.X.C.S11	Power-Off Stalls	Analyze and correct common errors related to Power-Off Stalls.
AI.X.D.K1	Power-On Stalls	Purpose of and procedures for power-on stalls.
AI.X.D.K2	Power-On Stalls	Aerodynamics associated with stalls in various airplane configurations, including the relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, airplane weight and center of gravity, airplane attitude, and yaw effects.
AI.X.D.K3	Power-On Stalls	Stall characteristics as they relate to airplane design, and recognition impending stall and full stall indications using sight, sound, or feel.
AI.X.D.K4	Power-On Stalls	Factors and situations that can lead to a power-on stall and actions that can be taken to prevent it.
AI.X.D.K5	Power-On Stalls	Fundamentals of stall recovery.
AI.X.D.K6	Power-On Stalls	Common errors related to Power-On Stalls.
AI.X.D.R1	Power-On Stalls	Factors and situations that could lead to an inadvertent power-on stall, spin, and loss of control.
AI.X.D.R2	Power-On Stalls	Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.D.R3	Power-On Stalls	Stall warning(s) during normal operations.
AI.X.D.R4	Power-On Stalls	Stall recovery procedure.
AI.X.D.R5	Power-On Stalls	Secondary stalls, accelerated stalls, elevator trim stalls, and cross-control stalls.
AI.X.D.R6	Power-On Stalls	Effect of environmental elements on airplane performance related to power-on stalls (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).
AI.X.D.R7	Power-On Stalls	Collision hazards.
AI.X.D.R8	Power-On Stalls	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.X.D.S1	Power-On Stalls	Clear the area.
AI.X.D.S2	Power-On Stalls	Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet above ground level (AGL) (ASEL, ASES) or 3,000 feet AGL (AMEL, AMES).
AI.X.D.S3	Power-On Stalls	Establish the takeoff, departure, or cruise configuration, as specified by the evaluator, and maintain coordinated flight throughout the maneuver.
AI.X.D.S4	Power-On Stalls	Set power to no less than 65 percent power.
AI.X.D.S5	Power-On Stalls	Transition smoothly from the takeoff or departure attitude to the pitch attitude that induces a stall.
AI.X.D.S6	Power-On Stalls	Maintain a specified heading ±10° if in straight flight; maintain a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20°, ±10° if in turning flight, until an impending or full stall is reached, as specified by the evaluator.
AI.X.D.S7	Power-On Stalls	Acknowledge the cues at the first indication of a stall (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.D.S8	Power-On Stalls	Recover at the first indication of a stall or after a full stall has occurred, as specified by the evaluator.
AI.X.D.S9	Power-On Stalls	Configure the airplane as recommended by the manufacturer, and accelerate to best angle of climb speed (VX) or best rate of climb speed (VY).
AI.X.D.S10	Power-On Stalls	Return to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the evaluator.
AI.X.D.S11	Power-On Stalls	Analyze and correct common errors related to Power-On Stalls.
AI.X.E.K1	Accelerated Stalls	Purpose of and procedures for accelerated stalls.
AI.X.E.K2	Accelerated Stalls	Aerodynamics associated with accelerated stalls in various airplane configurations, including the relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, airplane weight and center of gravity, airplane attitude, and yaw effects.
AI.X.E.K3	Accelerated Stalls	Stall characteristics as they relate to airplane design, and recognition impending stall and full stall indications using sight, sound, or feel.
AI.X.E.K4	Accelerated Stalls	Factors leading to an accelerated stall and preventive actions.
AI.X.E.K5	Accelerated Stalls	Fundamentals of stall recovery.
AI.X.E.K6	Accelerated Stalls	Common errors related to Accelerated Stalls.
AI.X.E.R1	Accelerated Stalls	Factors and situations that could lead to an inadvertent accelerated stall, spin, and loss of control.
AI.X.E.R2	Accelerated Stalls	Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.E.R3	Accelerated Stalls	Stall warning(s) during normal operations.
AI.X.E.R4	Accelerated Stalls	Stall recovery procedure.
AI.X.E.R5	Accelerated Stalls	Secondary stalls, cross-control stalls, and spins.
AI.X.E.R6	Accelerated Stalls	Effect of environmental elements on airplane performance related to accelerated stalls (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).
AI.X.E.R7	Accelerated Stalls	Collision hazards.
AI.X.E.R8	Accelerated Stalls	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.X.E.S1	Accelerated Stalls	Clear the area.
AI.X.E.S2	Accelerated Stalls	Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet above ground level (AGL).
AI.X.E.S3	Accelerated Stalls	Establish the configuration as specified by the evaluator.
AI.X.E.S4	Accelerated Stalls	Set power appropriate for the configuration, such that the airspeed does not exceed the maneuvering speed (VA) or any other applicable Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH)/Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) limitation.
AI.X.E.S5	Accelerated Stalls	Establish and maintain a coordinated turn in a 45° bank, increasing elevator back pressure smoothly and firmly until an impending stall is reached.
AI.X.E.S6	Accelerated Stalls	Acknowledge the cues at the first indication of a stall (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.E.S7	Accelerated Stalls	Execute a stall recovery in accordance with procedures set forth in the Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH)/Flight Manual (FM).
AI.X.E.S8	Accelerated Stalls	Configure the airplane as recommended by the manufacturer, and accelerate to best angle of climb speed (VX) or best rate of climb speed (VY).
AI.X.E.S9	Accelerated Stalls	Return to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the evaluator.
AI.X.E.S10	Accelerated Stalls	Analyze and correct common errors related to Accelerated Stalls.
AI.X.F.K1	Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration	Aerodynamics of cross-controlled stalls.
AI.X.F.K2	Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration	Flight situations where unintentional cross-controlled stalls may occur.
AI.X.F.K3	Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration	Recognition of cross-controlled stalls.
AI.X.F.K4	Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration	Entry procedure and minimum entry altitude.
AI.X.F.K5	Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration	Recovery procedure.
AI.X.F.K6	Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration	Common errors related to Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration.
AI.X.F.R1	Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration	Stall recovery procedure.
AI.X.F.R2	Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration	Effect of environmental elements on airplane performance related to cross-controlled stalls (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).
AI.X.F.R3	Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration	Collision hazards.
AI.X.F.R4	Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration	Aircraft limitations.
AI.X.F.R5	Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.X.F.S1	Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration	Clear the area.
AI.X.F.S2	Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration	Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet above ground level (AGL).
AI.X.F.S3	Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration	Configure the airplane (with gear down) and close the throttle.
AI.X.F.S4	Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration	Establish a normal glide airspeed and trim the airplane.
AI.X.F.S5	Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration	Roll into a medium-banked turn, apply excess rudder in the turn while holding bank constant with opposite aileron input, and add elevator pressure to keep the nose from lowering.
AI.X.F.S6	Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration	Acknowledge the cues at the first indication of a stall (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.F.S7	Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration	Recover at the first indication of a stall or after a full stall has occurred, as specified by the evaluator.
AI.X.F.S8	Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration	Describe and demonstrate conditions that lead to a cross-controlled stall for future avoidance.
AI.X.F.S9	Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration	Analyze and correct common errors related to Cross-Controlled Stall Demonstration.
AI.X.G.K1	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Aerodynamics of elevator trim stalls.
AI.X.G.K2	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Flight situations where elevator trim stalls could occur.
AI.X.G.K3	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Recognition of elevator trim stalls.
AI.X.G.K4	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Entry procedure and minimum entry altitude.
AI.X.G.K5	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Recovery procedure.
AI.X.G.K6	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Common errors related to Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration.
AI.X.G.R1	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Stall recovery procedure.
AI.X.G.R2	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Effect of environmental elements on airplane performance related to cross-controlled stalls (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).
AI.X.G.R3	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Collision hazards.
AI.X.G.R4	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Aircraft limitations.
AI.X.G.R5	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.X.G.S1	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Clear the area.
AI.X.G.S2	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet above ground level (AGL).
AI.X.G.S3	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Retard the throttle and configure the airplane for landing.
AI.X.G.S4	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Establish a normal glide airspeed and trim the airplane.
AI.X.G.S5	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Advance the throttle to the maximum allowable power as in a go-around.
AI.X.G.S6	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Acknowledge the cues at the first indication of a stall (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.G.S7	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Recover at the first indication of a stall or after a full stall has occurred, as specified by the evaluator.
AI.X.G.S8	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Adjust trim and return to the desired flightpath.
AI.X.G.S9	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Describe and demonstrate conditions that lead to an elevator trim stall for future avoidance.
AI.X.G.S10	Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration	Analyze and correct common errors related to Elevator Trim Stall Demonstration.
AI.X.H.K1	Secondary Stall Demonstration	Aerodynamics of secondary stalls.
AI.X.H.K2	Secondary Stall Demonstration	Flight situations where secondary stalls may occur.
AI.X.H.K3	Secondary Stall Demonstration	Recognition of a secondary stall.
AI.X.H.K4	Secondary Stall Demonstration	Entry procedure and minimum entry altitude.
AI.X.H.K5	Secondary Stall Demonstration	Recovery procedure.
AI.X.H.K6	Secondary Stall Demonstration	Common errors related to Secondary Stall Demonstration.
AI.X.H.R1	Secondary Stall Demonstration	Stall recovery procedure.
AI.X.H.R2	Secondary Stall Demonstration	Effect of environmental elements on airplane performance related to cross-controlled stalls (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).
AI.X.H.R3	Secondary Stall Demonstration	Collision hazards.
AI.X.H.R4	Secondary Stall Demonstration	Aircraft limitations.
AI.X.H.R5	Secondary Stall Demonstration	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.X.H.S1	Secondary Stall Demonstration	Clear the area.
AI.X.H.S2	Secondary Stall Demonstration	Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet above ground level (AGL).
AI.X.H.S3	Secondary Stall Demonstration	Enter a stall in a specified configuration and exceed the critical angle of attach a second time during the recovery.
AI.X.H.S4	Secondary Stall Demonstration	Recover promptly and appropriately after a secondary stall occurs.
AI.X.H.S5	Secondary Stall Demonstration	Describe and demonstrate conditions that lead to a secondary stall for future avoidance.
AI.X.H.S6	Secondary Stall Demonstration	Analyze and correct common errors related to Secondary Stall Demonstration.
AI.X.I.K1	Spin Awareness and Spins	Purpose of and procedures for spin awareness and spins.
AI.X.I.K2	Spin Awareness and Spins	Aerodynamics associated with spins in various airplane configurations, including the relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, airplane weight and center of gravity, airplane attitude, and yaw effects.
AI.X.I.K3	Spin Awareness and Spins	What causes a spin and how to identify the entry, incipient, and developed phases of a spin.
AI.X.I.K4	Spin Awareness and Spins	Spin recovery procedure.
AI.X.I.K5	Spin Awareness and Spins	Human factors associated with spin instruction.
AI.X.I.K6	Spin Awareness and Spins	How to determine if an airplane approved for the spin maneuver based on airworthiness category and type certificate.
AI.X.I.K7	Spin Awareness and Spins	Flight situations where unintentional spins may occur.
AI.X.I.K8	Spin Awareness and Spins	Entry procedure and minimum entry altitude for intentional spins.
AI.X.I.K9	Spin Awareness and Spins	Control procedure to maintain a stabilized spin.
AI.X.I.K10	Spin Awareness and Spins	Recognize conditions that lead to a spin for future avoidance.
AI.X.I.K11	Spin Awareness and Spins	Orientation during a spin, including which instrument(s) are reliable for determining the directions of spin.
AI.X.I.K12	Spin Awareness and Spins	Recovery procedure and minimum recovery altitude for intentional spins.
AI.X.I.K13	Spin Awareness and Spins	Common errors related to Spin Awareness and Spins.
AI.X.I.R1	Spin Awareness and Spins	Factors and situations that could lead to inadvertent spin and loss of control.
AI.X.I.R2	Spin Awareness and Spins	Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.I.R3	Spin Awareness and Spins	Spin recovery procedure.
AI.X.I.R4	Spin Awareness and Spins	Effect of environmental elements on airplane performance related to spins (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).
AI.X.I.R5	Spin Awareness and Spins	Collision hazards.
AI.X.I.R6	Spin Awareness and Spins	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.X.I.S1	Spin Awareness and Spins	Clear the area.
AI.X.I.S2	Spin Awareness and Spins	Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 4,000 feet AGL.
AI.X.I.S3	Spin Awareness and Spins	Enter and recover from an intentional spin if requested by the evaluator.
AI.X.I.S4	Spin Awareness and Spins	Analyze and correct common errors related to Spin Awareness and Spins.
AI.XI.A.K1	Straight-and-Level Flight	Flight instruments as they relate to:
AI.XI.A.K1a	Straight-and-Level Flight	a. Instrument limitations and potential errors
AI.XI.A.K1b	Straight-and-Level Flight	b. Indication of the aircraft attitude
AI.XI.A.K1c	Straight-and-Level Flight	c. Function and operation
AI.XI.A.K1d	Straight-and-Level Flight	d. Proper instrument cross-check techniques
AI.XI.A.K2	Straight-and-Level Flight	Common errors related to Straight-and-Level Flight.
AI.XI.A.R1	Straight-and-Level Flight	Instrument flying hazards, including failure to maintain visual flight rules (VFR), spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.
AI.XI.A.R2	Straight-and-Level Flight	When to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.
AI.XI.A.R3	Straight-and-Level Flight	Collision hazards.
AI.XI.A.R4	Straight-and-Level Flight	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XI.A.R5	Straight-and-Level Flight	Fixation and omission.
AI.XI.A.R6	Straight-and-Level Flight	Instrument Interpretation.
AI.XI.A.R7	Straight-and-Level Flight	Control application solely by reference to instruments.
AI.XI.A.R8	Straight-and-Level Flight	Trimming the aircraft.
AI.XI.A.S1	Straight-and-Level Flight	Maintain straight-and-level flight using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated control application.
AI.XI.A.S2	Straight-and-Level Flight	Maintain altitude ±100 feet, heading ±10°, and airspeed ±10 knots.
AI.XI.A.S3	Straight-and-Level Flight	Analyze and correct common errors related to Straight-and-Level Flight.
AI.XI.B.K1	Constant Airspeed Climbs	Flight instruments as they relate to:
AI.XI.B.K1a	Constant Airspeed Climbs	a. Instrument limitations and potential errors
AI.XI.B.K1b	Constant Airspeed Climbs	b. Indication of the aircraft attitude
AI.XI.B.K1c	Constant Airspeed Climbs	c. Function and operation
AI.XI.B.K1d	Constant Airspeed Climbs	d. Proper instrument cross-check techniques
AI.XI.B.K2	Constant Airspeed Climbs	Common errors related to Constant Airspeed Climbs.
AI.XI.B.R1	Constant Airspeed Climbs	Instrument flying hazards, including failure to maintain visual flight rules (VFR), spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.
AI.XI.B.R2	Constant Airspeed Climbs	When to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.
AI.XI.B.R3	Constant Airspeed Climbs	Collision hazards.
AI.XI.B.R4	Constant Airspeed Climbs	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XI.B.R5	Constant Airspeed Climbs	Fixation and omission.
AI.XI.B.R6	Constant Airspeed Climbs	Instrument Interpretation.
AI.XI.B.R7	Constant Airspeed Climbs	Control application solely by reference to instruments.
AI.XI.B.R8	Constant Airspeed Climbs	Trimming the aircraft.
AI.XI.B.S1	Constant Airspeed Climbs	Transition to the climb pitch attitude and power setting on an assigned heading using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated flight control application.
AI.XI.B.S2	Constant Airspeed Climbs	Climb at a constant airspeed to specific altitudes in straight flight and turns.
AI.XI.B.S3	Constant Airspeed Climbs	Level off at the assigned altitude and maintain altitude ±100 feet, heading ±10°, and airspeed ±10 knots.
AI.XI.B.S4	Constant Airspeed Climbs	Analyze and correct common errors related to Constant Airspeed Climbs.
AI.XI.C.K1	Constant Airspeed Descents	Flight instruments as they relate to:
AI.XI.C.K1a	Constant Airspeed Descents	a. Instrument limitations and potential errors
AI.XI.C.K1b	Constant Airspeed Descents	b. Indication of the aircraft attitude
AI.XI.C.K1c	Constant Airspeed Descents	c. Function and operation
AI.XI.C.K1d	Constant Airspeed Descents	d. Proper instrument cross-check techniques
AI.XI.C.K2	Constant Airspeed Descents	Common errors related to Constant Airspeed Descents.
AI.XI.C.R1	Constant Airspeed Descents	Instrument flying hazards, including failure to maintain visual flight rules (VFR), spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.
AI.XI.C.R2	Constant Airspeed Descents	When to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.
AI.XI.C.R3	Constant Airspeed Descents	Collision hazards.
AI.XI.C.R4	Constant Airspeed Descents	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XI.C.R5	Constant Airspeed Descents	Fixation and omission.
AI.XI.C.R6	Constant Airspeed Descents	Instrument Interpretation.
AI.XI.C.R7	Constant Airspeed Descents	Control application solely by reference to instruments.
AI.XI.C.R8	Constant Airspeed Descents	Trimming the aircraft.
AI.XI.C.S1	Constant Airspeed Descents	Transition to the descent pitch attitude and power setting on an assigned heading using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated flight control application.
AI.XI.C.S2	Constant Airspeed Descents	Descend at a constant airspeed to specific altitudes in straight flight and turns.
AI.XI.C.S3	Constant Airspeed Descents	Level off at the assigned altitude and maintain altitude ±100 feet, heading ±10°, and airspeed ±10 knots.
AI.XI.C.S4	Constant Airspeed Descents	Analyze and correct common errors related to Constant Airspeed Descents.
AI.XI.D.K1	Turns to Headings	Flight instruments as they relate to:
AI.XI.D.K1a	Turns to Headings	a. Instrument limitations and potential errors
AI.XI.D.K1b	Turns to Headings	b. Indication of the aircraft attitude
AI.XI.D.K1c	Turns to Headings	c. Function and operation
AI.XI.D.K1d	Turns to Headings	d. Proper instrument cross-check techniques
AI.XI.D.K2	Turns to Headings	Common errors related to Turns to Headings.
AI.XI.D.R1	Turns to Headings	Instrument flying hazards, including failure to maintain visual flight rules (VFR), spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.
AI.XI.D.R2	Turns to Headings	When to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.
AI.XI.D.R3	Turns to Headings	Collision hazards.
AI.XI.D.R4	Turns to Headings	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XI.D.R5	Turns to Headings	Fixation and omission.
AI.XI.D.R6	Turns to Headings	Instrument Interpretation.
AI.XI.D.R7	Turns to Headings	Control application solely by reference to instruments.
AI.XI.D.R8	Turns to Headings	Trimming the aircraft.
AI.XI.D.S1	Turns to Headings	Turns to headings, maintain altitude ±100 feet, maintain a standard rate turn, roll out on the assigned heading ±10°, and maintain airspeed ±10 knots.
AI.XI.D.S2	Turns to Headings	Analyze and correct common errors related to Turns to Headings.
AI.XI.E.K1	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Prevention of unusual attitudes, including flight causal, physiological, and environmental factors, and system and equipment failures.
AI.XI.E.K2	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Procedures for recovery from unusual attitudes in flight.
AI.XI.E.K3	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Procedures available to safely regain visual meteorological conditions (VMC) after flight into inadvertent instrument meteorological conditions or unintended instrument meteorological conditions (IIMC)/(UIMC).
AI.XI.E.K4	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Appropriate use of automation, if applicable.
AI.XI.E.K5	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Common errors related to Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes.
AI.XI.E.R1	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Situations that could lead to loss of control in-flight (LOC-I) or unusual attitudes in-flight (e.g., stress, task saturation, inadequate instrument scan distractions, and spatial disorientation).
AI.XI.E.R2	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Assessment of the unusual attitude.
AI.XI.E.R3	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Control input errors, inducing undesired aircraft attitudes.
AI.XI.E.R4	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Collision hazards.
AI.XI.E.R5	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XI.E.R6	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Interpreting flight instruments.
AI.XI.E.R7	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Control application solely by reference to instruments.
AI.XI.E.R8	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Operating envelope considerations.
AI.XI.E.S1	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation to identify an unusual attitude (including both nose-high and nose-low) in flight, and apply the appropriate flight control, power input, and aircraft configuration in the correct sequence, to return to a stabilized level flight attitude.
AI.XI.E.S2	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
AI.XI.E.S3	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Analyze and correct common errors related to Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes.
AI.XII.A.K1	Emergency Descent	Purpose of and procedures for emergency descent.
AI.XII.A.K2	Emergency Descent	Situations that would require an emergency descent (e.g., depressurization, smoke, or engine fire).
AI.XII.A.K3	Emergency Descent	Immediate action items and emergency procedures.
AI.XII.A.K4	Emergency Descent	Aircraft performance and limitations.
AI.XII.A.K5	Emergency Descent	Airspeed, including airspeed limitations.
AI.XII.A.K6	Emergency Descent	Common errors related to Emergency Descent.
AI.XII.A.R1	Emergency Descent	Altitude, wind, terrain, obstructions, gliding distance, and available landing distance considerations.
AI.XII.A.R2	Emergency Descent	Collision hazards.
AI.XII.A.R3	Emergency Descent	Configuring the airplane.
AI.XII.A.R4	Emergency Descent	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XII.A.S1	Emergency Descent	Clear the area.
AI.XII.A.S2	Emergency Descent	Establish and maintain the appropriate airspeed and configuration appropriate to the scenario specified by the evaluator and as covered in Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH)/Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for the emergency descent.
AI.XII.A.S3	Emergency Descent	Maintain orientation, divide attention appropriately, and plan and execute a smooth recovery.
AI.XII.A.S4	Emergency Descent	Use bank angle between 30° and 45° to maintain positive load factors during the descent.
AI.XII.A.S5	Emergency Descent	Maintain appropriate airspeed +0/-10 knots, and level off at a specified altitude ±100 feet.
AI.XII.A.S6	Emergency Descent	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.XII.A.S7	Emergency Descent	Analyze and correct common errors related to Emergency Descent.
AI.XII.B.K1	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	Immediate action items and emergency procedures.
AI.XII.B.K2	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	Airspeed, including:
AI.XII.B.K2a	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	a. Importance of best glide speed and its relationship to distance
AI.XII.B.K2b	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	b. Difference between best glide speed and minimum sink speed
AI.XII.B.K2c	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	c. Effects of wind on glide distance
AI.XII.B.K3	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	Effects of atmospheric conditions on emergency approach and landing.
AI.XII.B.K4	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AI.XII.B.K5	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs) and other emergency locating devices.
AI.XII.B.K6	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	Air traffic control (ATC) services to aircraft in distress.
AI.XII.B.K7	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	Common errors related to Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated).
AI.XII.B.R1	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	Altitude, wind, terrain, obstructions, gliding distance, and available landing distance considerations.
AI.XII.B.R2	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	Following or changing the planned flightpath to the selected landing area.
AI.XII.B.R3	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	Collision hazards.
AI.XII.B.R4	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	Configuring the airplane.
AI.XII.B.R5	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.XII.B.R6	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XII.B.S1	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	Establish and maintain the recommended best glide airspeed, ±10 knots.
AI.XII.B.S2	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	Configure the airplane in accordance with the Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH)\Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) and existing conditions.
AI.XII.B.S3	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	Select a suitable landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain, obstructions, and available glide distance.
AI.XII.B.S4	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	Plan and follow a flightpath to the selected landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions.
AI.XII.B.S5	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	Prepare for landing as specified by the evaluator.
AI.XII.B.S6	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.XII.B.S7	Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)	Analyze and correct common errors related to Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated).
AI.XII.C.K1	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Causes of partial or complete power loss related to the specific type of powerplant(s).
AI.XII.C.K2	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	System and equipment malfunctions specific to the aircraft, including:
AI.XII.C.K2a	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	a. Electrical malfunction
AI.XII.C.K2b	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	b. Vacuum/pressure and associated flight instrument malfunctions
AI.XII.C.K2c	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	c. Pitot-static system malfunction
AI.XII.C.K2d	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	d. Electronic flight deck display malfunction
AI.XII.C.K2e	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	e. Landing gear or flap malfunction
AI.XII.C.K2f	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	f. Inoperative trim
AI.XII.C.K3	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Causes and remedies for smoke or fire onboard the aircraft.
AI.XII.C.K4	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Any other system specific to the aircraft (e.g., supplemental oxygen, deicing).
AI.XII.C.K5	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Inadvertent door or window opening.
AI.XII.C.K6	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Common errors related to Systems and Equipment Malfunctions.
AI.XII.C.R1	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Startle response.
AI.XII.C.R2	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Checklist usage for a system or equipment malfunction.
AI.XII.C.R3	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XII.C.R4	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Undesired aircraft state.
AI.XII.C.S1	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Determine appropriate action for simulated emergencies specified by the evaluator, from at least three of the elements or sub-elements listed in K1 through K5.
AI.XII.C.S2	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.XII.C.S3	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Analyze and correct common errors related to Systems and Equipment Malfunctions.
AI.XII.D.K1	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) operations, limitations, and testing requirements.
AI.XII.D.K2	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	Fire extinguisher operations and limitations.
AI.XII.D.K3	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	Emergency equipment and survival gear needed for:
AI.XII.D.K3a	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	a. Climate extremes (hot/cold)
AI.XII.D.K3b	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	b. Mountainous terrain
AI.XII.D.K3c	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	c. Overwater operations
AI.XII.D.K4	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	When to deploy a ballistic parachute and associated passenger briefings, if equipped.
AI.XII.D.K5	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	When to activate an emergency auto-land system and brief passengers, if equipped.
AI.XII.D.K6	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	Common errors related to Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear.
AI.XII.D.R1	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	Survival gear (water, clothing, shelter) for 48 to 72 hours.
AI.XII.D.R2	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	Use of a ballistic parachute system.
AI.XII.D.R3	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	Use of an emergency auto-land system, if installed.
AI.XII.D.S1	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	Identify appropriate equipment and personal gear.
AI.XII.D.S2	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	Brief passengers on proper use of on-board emergency equipment and survival gear.
AI.XII.D.S3	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	Simulate ballistic parachute deployment procedures, if equipped.
AI.XII.D.S4	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	Analyze and correct common errors related to Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear.
AI.XII.E.K1	Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC (Simulated)	Factors affecting minimum controllable speed (VMC).
AI.XII.E.K2	Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC (Simulated)	VMC (red line) and best single-engine rate of climb airspeed (VYSE) (blue line).
AI.XII.E.K3	Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC (Simulated)	Accelerate/stop distance.
AI.XII.E.K4	Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC (Simulated)	Common errors related to Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC (Simulated).
AI.XII.E.R1	Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC (Simulated)	Potential engine failure during takeoff.
AI.XII.E.R2	Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC (Simulated)	Configuring the airplane.
AI.XII.E.R3	Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC (Simulated)	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XII.E.S1	Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC (Simulated)	Close the throttles smoothly and promptly when a simulated engine failure occurs.
AI.XII.E.S2	Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC (Simulated)	Maintain directional control and apply brakes (AMEL), or flight controls (AMES), as necessary.
AI.XII.E.S3	Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC (Simulated)	Analyze and correct common errors related to Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC (Simulated).
AI.XII.F.K1	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Factors affecting minimum controllable speed (VMC).
AI.XII.F.K2	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	VMC (red line), VYSE (blue line), and safe single-engine speed (VSSE).
AI.XII.F.K3	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Accelerate/stop and accelerate/go distances.
AI.XII.F.K4	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	How to identify, verify, feather, and secure an inoperative engine.
AI.XII.F.K5	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Importance of drag reduction, including propeller feathering, gear and flap retraction, the manufacturer's recommended control input and its relation to zero sideslip.
AI.XII.F.K6	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Simulated propeller feathering and the evaluator's zero-thrust procedures and responsibilities.
AI.XII.F.K7	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Common errors related to Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated).
AI.XII.F.R1	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Potential engine failure after lift-off.
AI.XII.F.R2	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Collision hazards.
AI.XII.F.R3	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Configuring the airplane.
AI.XII.F.R4	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.XII.F.R5	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XII.F.S1	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Promptly recognize an engine failure, maintain control, and use appropriate emergency procedures.
AI.XII.F.S2	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Establish VYSE; if obstructions are present, establish best single-engine angle of climb speed (VXSE) or VMC +5 knots, whichever is greater, until obstructions are cleared. Then transition to VYSE.
AI.XII.F.S3	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Reduce drag by retracting landing gear and flaps in accordance with the manufacturer's guidance.
AI.XII.F.S4	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Simulate feathering the propeller on the inoperative engine (evaluator should then establish zero thrust on the inoperative engine).
AI.XII.F.S5	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Use flight controls in the proper combination as recommended by the manufacturer, or as required to maintain best performance, and trim as required.
AI.XII.F.S6	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Monitor the operating engine and aircraft systems and make adjustments as necessary.
AI.XII.F.S7	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Recognize the airplane's performance capabilities. If a climb is not possible at VYSE, maintain VYSE and return to the departure airport for landing, or initiate an approach to the most suitable landing area available.
AI.XII.F.S8	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Simulate securing the inoperative engine.
AI.XII.F.S9	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Maintain heading ±10° and airspeed ±5 knots.
AI.XII.F.S10	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.XII.F.S11	Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)	Analyze and correct common errors related to Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated).
AI.XII.G.K1	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	Factors affecting minimum controllable speed (VMC).
AI.XII.G.K2	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	VMC (red line) and best single-engine rate of climb airspeed (VYSE) (blue line).
AI.XII.G.K3	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	How to identify, verify, feather, and secure an inoperative engine.
AI.XII.G.K4	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	Importance of drag reduction, including propeller feathering, gear and flap retraction, the manufacturer's recommended control input and its relation to zero sideslip.
AI.XII.G.K5	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	Applicant responsibilities during simulated feathering.
AI.XII.G.K6	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	Common errors related to Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated).
AI.XII.G.R1	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	Potential engine failure after in flight or during an approach.
AI.XII.G.R2	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	Collision hazards.
AI.XII.G.R3	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	Configuring the airplane.
AI.XII.G.R4	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.XII.G.R5	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XII.G.R6	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	Possible single-engine go-around.
AI.XII.G.S1	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	Promptly recognize an engine failure and maintain positive aircraft control.
AI.XII.G.S2	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	Set the engine controls, reduce drag, identify and verify the inoperative engine, and simulate feathering of the propeller on the inoperative engine (evaluator should then establish zero thrust on the inoperative engine).
AI.XII.G.S3	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	Follow the manufacturer's recommended emergency procedures and complete the appropriate checklist.
AI.XII.G.S4	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	Monitor the operating engine and aircraft systems and make adjustments as necessary.
AI.XII.G.S5	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	Maintain the manufacturer's recommended approach airspeed ±5 knots in the landing configuration with a stabilized approach, until landing is assured.
AI.XII.G.S6	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	Make smooth, timely, and correct control application before, during, and after touchdown.
AI.XII.G.S7	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	Touch down on the first one-third of available runway/landing surface, with no drift, and the airplane's longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center or landing path.
AI.XII.G.S8	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.
AI.XII.G.S9	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.XII.G.S10	Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)	Analyze and correct common errors related to Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated).
AI.XIII.A.K1	Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative	Factors affecting minimum controllable speed (VMC).
AI.XIII.A.K2	Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative	VMC (red line) and best single-engine rate of climb airspeed (VYSE) (blue line).
AI.XIII.A.K3	Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative	How to identify, verify, feather, and secure an inoperative engine.
AI.XIII.A.K4	Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative	Importance of drag reduction, including propeller feathering, gear and flap retraction, the manufacturer's recommended control input and its relation to zero sideslip.
AI.XIII.A.K5	Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative	Feathering, securing, unfeathering, and restarting.
AI.XIII.A.K6	Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative	Common errors related to Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative.
AI.XIII.A.R1	Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative	Potential engine failure during flight.
AI.XIII.A.R2	Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative	Collision hazards.
AI.XIII.A.R3	Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative	Configuring the airplane.
AI.XIII.A.R4	Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative	Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.XIII.A.R5	Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XIII.A.S1	Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative	Recognize an engine failure, maintain control, use manufacturer's memory item procedures, and use appropriate emergency procedures.
AI.XIII.A.S2	Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative	Set the engine controls, identify and verify the inoperative engine, and feather the appropriate propeller.
AI.XIII.A.S3	Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative	Use flight controls in the proper combination as recommended by the manufacturer, or as required to maintain best performance, and trim as required.
AI.XIII.A.S4	Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative	Attempt to determine and resolve the reason for the engine failure.
AI.XIII.A.S5	Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative	Secure the inoperative engine and monitor the operating engine and make necessary adjustments.
AI.XIII.A.S6	Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative	Restart the inoperative engine using manufacturer's restart procedures.
AI.XIII.A.S7	Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative	Maintain altitude ±100 feet or minimum sink rate if applicable, airspeed ±10 knots, and selected headings ±10°.
AI.XIII.A.S8	Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.XIII.A.S9	Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative	Analyze and correct common errors related to Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative.
AI.XIII.B.K1	VMC Demonstration	Purpose of the maneuver.
AI.XIII.B.K2	VMC Demonstration	Proper procedures for maneuver entry and safe recovery.
AI.XIII.B.K3	VMC Demonstration	Factors affecting VMC and how VMC differs from stall speed (VS).
AI.XIII.B.K4	VMC Demonstration	VMC (red line), VYSE (blue line), and safe single-engine speed (VSSE).
AI.XIII.B.K5	VMC Demonstration	Cause of loss of directional control at airspeeds below VMC.
AI.XIII.B.K6	VMC Demonstration	Common errors related to VMC Demonstration.
AI.XIII.B.R1	VMC Demonstration	Configuring the airplane.
AI.XIII.B.R2	VMC Demonstration	Maneuvering with one engine inoperative.
AI.XIII.B.R3	VMC Demonstration	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XIII.B.S1	VMC Demonstration	Configure the airplane in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, in the absence of the manufacturer's recommendations, then at safe single-engine speed (VSSE/VYSE), as appropriate, and:
AI.XIII.B.S1a	VMC Demonstration	a. Landing gear retracted
AI.XIII.B.S1b	VMC Demonstration	b. Flaps set for takeoff
AI.XIII.B.S1c	VMC Demonstration	c. Cowl flaps set for takeoff
AI.XIII.B.S1d	VMC Demonstration	d. Trim set for takeoff
AI.XIII.B.S1e	VMC Demonstration	e. Propellers set for high revolutions per minute (rpm)
AI.XIII.B.S1f	VMC Demonstration	f. Power on critical engine reduced to idle and propeller windmilling
AI.XIII.B.S1g	VMC Demonstration	g. Power on operating engine set to takeoff or maximum available power
AI.XIII.B.S2	VMC Demonstration	Establish a single-engine climb attitude with the airspeed at approximately 10 knots above VSSE.
AI.XIII.B.S3	VMC Demonstration	Establish a bank angle not to exceed 5° toward the operating engine, as required for best performance and controllability.
AI.XIII.B.S4	VMC Demonstration	Increase the pitch attitude slowly to reduce the airspeed at approximately 1 knot per second while applying increased rudder pressure as needed to maintain directional control.
AI.XIII.B.S5	VMC Demonstration	Recognize and recover at the first indication of loss of directional control, stall warning, or buffet.
AI.XIII.B.S6	VMC Demonstration	Recover promptly by simultaneously reducing power sufficiently on the operating engine, decreasing the angle of attack as necessary to regain airspeed and directional control, and without adding power on the simulated failed engine.
AI.XIII.B.S7	VMC Demonstration	Recover within 20° of entry heading.
AI.XIII.B.S8	VMC Demonstration	Advance power smoothly on the operating engine and accelerate to VSSE/VYSE, as appropriate, ±5 knots during recovery.
AI.XIII.B.S9	VMC Demonstration	Analyze and correct common errors related to VMC Demonstration.
AI.XIII.C.K1	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	Purpose for and elements of demonstration of effects of various airspeeds and configurations during engine inoperative performance.
AI.XIII.C.K2	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	Selection of appropriate altitude for the demonstration.
AI.XIII.C.K3	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	Proper entry procedure to include pitch attitude, bank attitude, and airspeed.
AI.XIII.C.K4	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	Effects on performance of airspeed changes at, above, and below VYSE.
AI.XIII.C.K5	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	Effects on performance of various configurations including:
AI.XIII.C.K5a	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	a. Landing gear extended
AI.XIII.C.K5b	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	b. Wing flaps extended
AI.XIII.C.K5c	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	c. Landing gear and wing flaps extended
AI.XIII.C.K5d	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	d. Windmilling propeller on the inoperative engine
AI.XIII.C.K6	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	Airspeed control throughout the demonstration.
AI.XIII.C.K7	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	Smooth control technique and coordination throughout the demonstration.
AI.XIII.C.K8	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	Common errors related to Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative.
AI.XIII.C.R1	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	Altitude selection.
AI.XIII.C.R2	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	Entry and recovery procedures.
AI.XIII.C.R3	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	Loss of control or stall.
AI.XIII.C.R4	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	Configuring the airplane.
AI.XIII.C.R5	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	Collision hazards.
AI.XIII.C.R6	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XIII.C.S1	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	Demonstrate, describe, and explain effects of various airspeeds and configurations during engine inoperative performance.
AI.XIII.C.S2	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	Demonstrate smooth control inputs when transitioning between various airspeeds and configurations, which include:
AI.XIII.C.S2a	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	a. Landing gear extended
AI.XIII.C.S2b	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	b. Wing flaps extended
AI.XIII.C.S2c	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	c. Landing gear and wing flaps extended
AI.XIII.C.S2d	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	d. Windmilling propeller on the inoperative engine
AI.XIII.C.S3	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	Maintain appropriate airspeed, attitude, and altitude combinations for the various configurations.
AI.XIII.C.S4	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	Return to normal cruise flight at the altitude and heading specified by the evaluator.
AI.XIII.C.S5	Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative	Analyze and correct common errors related to Demonstration of Effects of Various Airspeeds and Configurations during Engine Inoperative.
AI.XIV.A.K1	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Airplane shutdown, securing, and postflight inspection.
AI.XIV.A.K2	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Documenting in-flight/postflight discrepancies.
AI.XIV.A.K3	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Common errors related to After Landing, Parking, and Securing.
AI.XIV.A.R1	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Activities and distractions.
AI.XIV.A.R2	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Airport specific security procedures.
AI.XIV.A.R3	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Disembarking passengers safely on the ramp and monitoring passenger movement while on the ramp.
AI.XIV.A.S1	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Park in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby persons and property.
AI.XIV.A.S2	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.XIV.A.S3	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Conduct a postflight inspection and document discrepancies and servicing requirements, if any.
AI.XIV.A.S4	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Secure the airplane.
AI.XIV.A.S5	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Analyze and correct common errors related to After Landing, Parking, and Securing.
AI.XIV.B.K1	Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures	Mooring.
AI.XIV.B.K2	Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures	Docking.
AI.XIV.B.K3	Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures	Anchoring.
AI.XIV.B.K4	Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures	Beaching/ramping.
AI.XIV.B.K5	Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures	Postflight inspection, recording of in-flight/postflight discrepancies.
AI.XIV.B.K6	Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures	Common errors related to Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures.
AI.XIV.B.R1	Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures	Activities and distractions.
AI.XIV.B.R2	Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures	Seaplane base specific security procedures, if applicable.
AI.XIV.B.R3	Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures	Disembarking passengers safely on the ramp and monitoring passenger movement while on the ramp.
AI.XIV.B.S1	Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures	If anchoring, select a suitable area considering seaplane movement, water depth, tide, wind, and weather changes. Use an adequate number of anchors and lines of sufficient strength and length to ensure the seaplane's security.
AI.XIV.B.S2	Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures	If not anchoring, approach the dock/mooring buoy or beach/ramp in the proper direction and at a safe speed, considering water depth, tide, current, and wind.
AI.XIV.B.S3	Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.XIV.B.S4	Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures	Conduct a postflight inspection and document discrepancies and servicing requirements, if any.
AI.XIV.B.S5	Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures	Secure the seaplane considering the effect of wind, waves, and changes in water level, or comply with applicable after landing, parking, and securing procedures if operating an amphibious airplane on land.
AI.XIV.B.S6	Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures	Analyze and correct common errors related to Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures.