Flight Instructor Instrument - Powered-Lift ACS Codes

All 520 Flight Instructor Instrument - Powered-Lift and their official FAA knowledge-area descriptions. These are the codes printed on your Airman Knowledge Test Report for questions you missed. Upload your report to get just your codes as a printable sheet.

Code	Task	FAA knowledge area
PI.II.A.K1	Human Factors	Symptoms, recognition, causes, effects, and corrective actions associated with aeromedical and physiological issues, including:
PI.II.A.K1a	Human Factors	a. Hypoxia
PI.II.A.K1b	Human Factors	b. Hyperventilation
PI.II.A.K1c	Human Factors	c. Middle ear and sinus problems
PI.II.A.K1d	Human Factors	d. Spatial disorientation
PI.II.A.K1e	Human Factors	e. Motion sickness
PI.II.A.K1f	Human Factors	f. Carbon monoxide poisoning
PI.II.A.K1g	Human Factors	g. Stress
PI.II.A.K1h	Human Factors	h. Fatigue
PI.II.A.K1i	Human Factors	i. Dehydration and nutrition
PI.II.A.K1j	Human Factors	j. Hypothermia
PI.II.A.K1k	Human Factors	k. Optical illusions
PI.II.A.K1l	Human Factors	l. Dissolved nitrogen in the bloodstream after scuba dives
PI.II.A.K2	Human Factors	Regulations regarding use of alcohol and drugs.
PI.II.A.K3	Human Factors	Effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications.
PI.II.A.K4	Human Factors	Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) to include using Crew Resource Management (CRM) or Single- Pilot Resource Management (SRM), as appropriate.
PI.II.A.R1	Human Factors	Aeromedical and physiological issues.
PI.II.A.R2	Human Factors	Hazardous attitudes.
PI.II.A.R3	Human Factors	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PI.II.A.R4	Human Factors	Confirmation and expectation bias.
PI.II.A.S1	Human Factors	Associate the symptoms and effects for at least three of the conditions listed in K1a through K1l with the cause(s) and corrective action(s).
PI.II.A.S2	Human Factors	Perform self-assessment, including fitness for flight and personal minimums, for actual flight or a scenario given by the evaluator.
PI.II.B.K1	Endorsements and Logbook Entries Related to Instrument Instruction	Required logbook entries for instruction given.
PI.II.B.K2	Endorsements and Logbook Entries Related to Instrument Instruction	Preparation of a recommendation for practical test to include endorsements and logbook entries.
PI.II.B.K3	Endorsements and Logbook Entries Related to Instrument Instruction	Required endorsement of a pilot logbook for the satisfactory completion of an instrument proficiency check.
PI.II.B.K4	Endorsements and Logbook Entries Related to Instrument Instruction	Required flight instructor records.
PI.II.B.K5	Endorsements and Logbook Entries Related to Instrument Instruction	Flight instructor renewal and reinstatement requirements.
PI.II.B.R1	Endorsements and Logbook Entries Related to Instrument Instruction	Endorsements without appropriate limitations or expiration dates.
PI.II.B.S1	Endorsements and Logbook Entries Related to Instrument Instruction	Describe and prepare logbook entries/endorsements required for at least two of the events specified in the elements or sub-elements of K1 through K5.
PI.II.C.K1	Aircraft Systems Related to Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Operations	The general operational characteristics and limitations of applicable anti-icing and deicing systems, including airframe, rotor, intake, fuel, and pitot-static systems.
PI.II.C.K2	Aircraft Systems Related to Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Operations	Flight control systems.
PI.II.C.R1	Aircraft Systems Related to Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Operations	Operations in icing conditions.
PI.II.C.R2	Aircraft Systems Related to Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Operations	Limitations of anti-icing and deicing systems.
PI.II.C.R3	Aircraft Systems Related to Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Operations	Use of automated systems in instrument conditions.
PI.II.C.S1	Aircraft Systems Related to Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Operations	Demonstrate familiarity with anti- or de-icing procedures or information published by the manufacturer specific to the aircraft used on the practical test.
PI.II.C.S2	Aircraft Systems Related to Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Operations	Demonstrate familiarity with the automatic flight control system (AFCS) procedures or information published by the manufacturer specific to the aircraft used on the practical test, if applicable.
PI.II.D.K1	Aircraft Flight Instruments and Navigation Equipment	Operation of the aircraft's applicable flight instrument system(s), including:
PI.II.D.K1a	Aircraft Flight Instruments and Navigation Equipment	a. Pitot-static instrument system and associated instruments
PI.II.D.K1b	Aircraft Flight Instruments and Navigation Equipment	b. Gyroscopic/electric/vacuum instrument system and associated instruments
PI.II.D.K1c	Aircraft Flight Instruments and Navigation Equipment	c. Electrical systems, electronic flight instrument displays [primary flight display (PFD), multi- function display (MFD)], transponder and automatic dependent surveillance - broadcast (ADS-B)
PI.II.D.K1d	Aircraft Flight Instruments and Navigation Equipment	d. Magnetic compass
PI.II.D.K2	Aircraft Flight Instruments and Navigation Equipment	Operation of the aircraft's applicable navigation system(s), including:
PI.II.D.K2a	Aircraft Flight Instruments and Navigation Equipment	a. Very high frequency (VHF) Omnidirectional Range (VOR), distance measuring equipment (DME), instrument landing system (ILS), marker beacon receiver/indicators
PI.II.D.K2b	Aircraft Flight Instruments and Navigation Equipment	b. Area navigation (RNAV), global positioning system (GPS), Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), flight management system (FMS), autopilot
PI.II.D.K3	Aircraft Flight Instruments and Navigation Equipment	Use of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if used.
PI.II.D.R1	Aircraft Flight Instruments and Navigation Equipment	Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.
PI.II.D.R2	Aircraft Flight Instruments and Navigation Equipment	Difference between approved and non-approved navigation devices.
PI.II.D.R3	Aircraft Flight Instruments and Navigation Equipment	Common failure modes of flight and navigation instruments.
PI.II.D.R4	Aircraft Flight Instruments and Navigation Equipment	Use of an electronic flight bag.
PI.II.D.R5	Aircraft Flight Instruments and Navigation Equipment	Use of navigation databases.
PI.II.D.S1	Aircraft Flight Instruments and Navigation Equipment	Teach at least one of the elements or sub-elements listed in K1 through K3.
PI.II.D.S2	Aircraft Flight Instruments and Navigation Equipment	Operate and manage an applicant supplied electronic flight bag (EFB), if used.
PI.II.E.K1	Regulations and Publications Related to Instrument Flight Operations	14 CFR parts 1, 61, 91, 95, and 97.
PI.II.E.K2	Regulations and Publications Related to Instrument Flight Operations	49 CFR part 830.
PI.II.E.K3	Regulations and Publications Related to Instrument Flight Operations	Advisory Circulars, INFOs, and SAFOs.
PI.II.E.K4	Regulations and Publications Related to Instrument Flight Operations	Airman Certification Standards.
PI.II.E.K5	Regulations and Publications Related to Instrument Flight Operations	Flight manuals.
PI.II.E.K6	Regulations and Publications Related to Instrument Flight Operations	Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM).
PI.II.E.K7	Regulations and Publications Related to Instrument Flight Operations	IFR Navigation Charts.
PI.II.E.R1	Regulations and Publications Related to Instrument Flight Operations	Use of expired charts, manuals, or publications without current updates.
PI.II.E.S1	Regulations and Publications Related to Instrument Flight Operations	Teach at least one of the elements listed in K1 through K7.
PI.III.A.K1	Weather Information	Sources of weather data (e.g., National Weather Service, Flight Service) for flight planning purposes.
PI.III.A.K2	Weather Information	Acceptable weather products and resources required for preflight planning, current and forecast weather for departure, en route, and arrival phases of flight such as:
PI.III.A.K2a	Weather Information	a. Airport Observations (METAR and SPECI) and Pilot Observations (PIREP)
PI.III.A.K2b	Weather Information	b. Surface Analysis Chart, Ceiling and Visibility Chart (CVA)
PI.III.A.K2c	Weather Information	c. Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF)
PI.III.A.K2d	Weather Information	d. Graphical Forecasts for Aviation (GFA)
PI.III.A.K2e	Weather Information	e. Wind and Temperature Aloft Forecast (FB)
PI.III.A.K2f	Weather Information	f. Convective Outlook (AC)
PI.III.A.K2g	Weather Information	g. Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories including Airmen's Meteorological Information (AIRMET), Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET), and Convective SIGMET
PI.III.A.K3	Weather Information	Meteorology applicable to the departure, en route, alternate, and destination for flights conducted under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) to include expected climate and hazardous conditions such as:
PI.III.A.K3a	Weather Information	a. Atmospheric composition and stability
PI.III.A.K3b	Weather Information	b. Wind (e.g., windshear, mountain wave, factors affecting wind, etc.)
PI.III.A.K3c	Weather Information	c. Temperature and heat exchange
PI.III.A.K3d	Weather Information	d. Moisture/precipitation
PI.III.A.K3e	Weather Information	e. Weather system formation, including air masses and fronts
PI.III.A.K3f	Weather Information	f. Clouds
PI.III.A.K3g	Weather Information	g. Turbulence
PI.III.A.K3h	Weather Information	h. Thunderstorms and microbursts
PI.III.A.K3i	Weather Information	i. Icing and freezing level information
PI.III.A.K3j	Weather Information	j. Fog/mist
PI.III.A.K3k	Weather Information	k. Frost
PI.III.A.K3l	Weather Information	l. Obstructions to visibility (e.g., smoke, haze, volcanic ash, etc.)
PI.III.A.K4	Weather Information	Flight deck instrument displays of digital weather and aeronautical information.
PI.III.A.R1	Weather Information	Making the go/no-go and continue/divert decisions, including:
PI.III.A.R1a	Weather Information	a. Circumstances that would make diversion prudent
PI.III.A.R1b	Weather Information	b. Personal weather minimums
PI.III.A.R1c	Weather Information	c. Hazardous weather conditions, including known or forecast icing or turbulence aloft
PI.III.A.R2	Weather Information	Use and limitations of:
PI.III.A.R2a	Weather Information	a. Installed onboard weather equipment
PI.III.A.R2b	Weather Information	b. Aviation weather reports and forecasts
PI.III.A.R2c	Weather Information	c. Inflight weather resources
PI.III.A.S1	Weather Information	Use available aviation weather resources to obtain an adequate weather briefing.
PI.III.A.S2	Weather Information	Analyze the implications of at least three of the conditions listed in K3a through K3l, using actual weather or weather conditions provided by the evaluator.
PI.III.A.S3	Weather Information	Correlate weather information to make a go/no-go decision.
PI.III.A.S4	Weather Information	Determine whether an alternate airport is required, and, if required, whether the selected alternate airport meets regulatory requirements.
PI.III.B.K1	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Route planning, including consideration of:
PI.III.B.K1a	Cross-Country Flight Planning	a. Available navigational facilities
PI.III.B.K1b	Cross-Country Flight Planning	b. Special use airspace
PI.III.B.K1c	Cross-Country Flight Planning	c. Preferred routes
PI.III.B.K1d	Cross-Country Flight Planning	d. Primary and alternate airports
PI.III.B.K1e	Cross-Country Flight Planning	e. Enroute charts
PI.III.B.K1f	Cross-Country Flight Planning	f. Chart Supplements
PI.III.B.K1g	Cross-Country Flight Planning	g. NOTAMS
PI.III.B.K1h	Cross-Country Flight Planning	h. Terminal Procedures Publications (TPP)
PI.III.B.K2	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Altitude selection accounting for terrain and obstacles, IFR cruising altitudes, and effect of wind and oxygen requirements.
PI.III.B.K3	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Calculating:
PI.III.B.K3a	Cross-Country Flight Planning	a. Time, climb and descent rates, course, distance, heading, true airspeed, and groundspeed
PI.III.B.K3b	Cross-Country Flight Planning	b. Estimated time of arrival, including conversion to universal coordinated time (UTC)
PI.III.B.K3c	Cross-Country Flight Planning	c. Fuel requirements, including reserve
PI.III.B.K4	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Elements of an IFR flight plan.
PI.III.B.K5	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Procedures for activating and closing an IFR flight plan in controlled and uncontrolled airspace.
PI.III.B.R1	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Pilot.
PI.III.B.R2	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Aircraft.
PI.III.B.R3	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Environment (e.g., weather, icing, airports/heliports/helipads/landing areas, airspace, terrain, obstacles).
PI.III.B.R4	Cross-Country Flight Planning	External pressures.
PI.III.B.R5	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Limitations of air traffic control (ATC) services.
PI.III.B.R6	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Limitations of electronic planning applications and programs.
PI.III.B.R7	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Fuel planning.
PI.III.B.S1	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Prepare, present, and explain a cross-country flight plan assigned by the evaluator including a risk analysis based on real time weather, which includes calculating time en route and fuel considering factors such as power settings, operating altitude, wind, fuel reserve requirements, and weight and balance requirements.
PI.III.B.S2	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Recalculate fuel reserves based on a scenario provided by the evaluator.
PI.III.B.S3	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Create a navigation plan and simulate filing an IFR flight plan.
PI.III.B.S4	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Interpret departure, arrival, en route, and approach procedures with reference to appropriate and current charts.
PI.III.B.S5	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Recognize simulated wing or thrust component contamination due to airframe icing and demonstrate knowledge of adverse effects of airframe icing during pre-takeoff, takeoff, cruise, and landing phases of flight as well as the corrective actions.
PI.III.B.S6	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Apply pertinent information from appropriate and current aeronautical charts, Chart Supplements; Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs) relative to airport, runway and taxiway closures; and other flight publications.
PI.III.C.K1	Instrument Flight Deck Check	Purpose of performing an instrument flight deck check and how to detect possible defects.
PI.III.C.K2	Instrument Flight Deck Check	IFR airworthiness, including aircraft inspection requirements and required equipment for IFR flight.
PI.III.C.K3	Instrument Flight Deck Check	Required procedures, documentation, and limitations of flying with inoperative equipment.
PI.III.C.K4	Instrument Flight Deck Check	Common errors related to Instrument Flight Deck Check.
PI.III.C.R1	Instrument Flight Deck Check	Operating with inoperative equipment.
PI.III.C.R2	Instrument Flight Deck Check	Operating with outdated navigation publications or databases.
PI.III.C.S1	Instrument Flight Deck Check	Perform preflight inspection by following the checklist appropriate to the aircraft and determine if the aircraft is in a condition for safe instrument flight.
PI.III.C.S2	Instrument Flight Deck Check	Analyze and correct common errors related to Instrument Flight Deck Check.
PI.IV.A.K1	Maneuver Lesson	Purpose of the maneuver.
PI.IV.A.K2	Maneuver Lesson	Elements of the maneuver and the associated common errors.
PI.IV.A.K3	Maneuver Lesson	Desired outcome(s), including completion standards.
PI.IV.A.R1	Maneuver Lesson	The selected maneuver Task.
PI.IV.A.S1	Maneuver Lesson	Deliver instruction on the selected maneuver using a lesson plan, teaching methods, and teaching aids, as appropriate, that incorporate K1 through K3.
PI.V.A.K1	Compliance with Air Traffic Control Clearances	Elements and procedures related to ATC clearances and pilot/controller responsibilities for departure, en route, and arrival phases of flight, including clearance void times.
PI.V.A.K2	Compliance with Air Traffic Control Clearances	Pilot-in-Command (PIC) emergency authority.
PI.V.A.K3	Compliance with Air Traffic Control Clearances	Lost communication procedures and procedures for flights outside of radar environments.
PI.V.A.K4	Compliance with Air Traffic Control Clearances	Common errors related to Compliance with Air Traffic Control Clearances.
PI.V.A.R1	Compliance with Air Traffic Control Clearances	Less than full understanding of an ATC clearance.
PI.V.A.R2	Compliance with Air Traffic Control Clearances	Inappropriate, incomplete, or incorrect ATC clearances.
PI.V.A.R3	Compliance with Air Traffic Control Clearances	ATC clearance inconsistent with aircraft performance or navigation capability.
PI.V.A.R4	Compliance with Air Traffic Control Clearances	ATC clearance intended for other aircraft with similar call signs.
PI.V.A.S1	Compliance with Air Traffic Control Clearances	Correctly copy, read back, interpret, and comply with simulated or actual ATC clearances in a timely manner using standard phraseology as provided in the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM).
PI.V.A.S2	Compliance with Air Traffic Control Clearances	Correctly set communication frequencies, navigation systems (identifying when appropriate), and transponder codes in compliance with the ATC clearance.
PI.V.A.S3	Compliance with Air Traffic Control Clearances	Use the current and appropriate paper or electronic navigation publications.
PI.V.A.S4	Compliance with Air Traffic Control Clearances	Intercept all courses, radials, and bearings appropriate to the procedure, route, or clearance in a timely manner.
PI.V.A.S5	Compliance with Air Traffic Control Clearances	Maintain the applicable airspeed ±10 knots, headings ±10°, altitude ±100 feet; track a course, radial, or bearing within 3/4-scale deflection of the course deviation indicator (CDI).
PI.V.A.S6	Compliance with Air Traffic Control Clearances	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PI.V.A.S7	Compliance with Air Traffic Control Clearances	Perform the appropriate checklist items relative to the phase of flight.
PI.V.A.S8	Compliance with Air Traffic Control Clearances	Analyze and correct common errors related to Compliance with Air Traffic Control Clearances.
PI.V.B.K1	Holding Procedures	Elements related to holding procedures, including reporting criteria, appropriate speeds, and recommended entry procedures for standard, nonstandard, published, and non-published holding patterns.
PI.V.B.K2	Holding Procedures	Common errors related to Holding Procedures.
PI.V.B.R1	Holding Procedures	Recalculating fuel reserves if assigned an unanticipated expect further clearance (EFC) time.
PI.V.B.R2	Holding Procedures	Scenarios and circumstances that could result in minimum fuel or the need to declare an emergency.
PI.V.B.R3	Holding Procedures	Scenarios that could lead to holding, including deteriorating weather at the planned destination.
PI.V.B.R4	Holding Procedures	Holding entry and wind correction while holding.
PI.V.B.S1	Holding Procedures	Use an entry procedure appropriate for a standard, nonstandard, published, or non-published holding pattern.
PI.V.B.S2	Holding Procedures	Change to the holding airspeed appropriate for the altitude when 3 minutes or less from, but prior to arriving at, the holding fix and set appropriate power as needed for fuel conservation.
PI.V.B.S3	Holding Procedures	Recognize arrival at the holding fix and promptly initiate entry into the holding pattern.
PI.V.B.S4	Holding Procedures	Maintain airspeed ±10 knots, altitude ±100 feet, selected headings within ±10°, and track a selected course, radial, or bearing within 3/4-scale deflection of the course deviation indicator (CDI).
PI.V.B.S5	Holding Procedures	Comply with the holding pattern leg length and other restrictions, if applicable, associated with the holding pattern.
PI.V.B.S6	Holding Procedures	Use proper wind correction procedures to maintain the desired pattern and to arrive over the fix as close as possible to a specified time.
PI.V.B.S7	Holding Procedures	Use a multi-function display (MFD) and other graphical navigation displays, if installed, to monitor position in relation to the desired flightpath during holding.
PI.V.B.S8	Holding Procedures	Comply with ATC reporting requirements and restrictions associated with the holding pattern.
PI.V.B.S9	Holding Procedures	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PI.V.B.S10	Holding Procedures	Analyze and correct common errors related to Holding Procedures.
PI.VI.A.K1	Straight-and-Level Flight	Elements related to attitude instrument flying during straight-and-level flight.
PI.VI.A.K2	Straight-and-Level Flight	The relationship of pitch, bank, power, and configuration in straight-and-level flight.
PI.VI.A.K3	Straight-and-Level Flight	Interpretation, operation, and limitations of pitch, bank, and power instruments, using full panel and partial panel.
PI.VI.A.K4	Straight-and-Level Flight	Normal and abnormal instrument indications, interpretations, and operations.
PI.VI.A.K5	Straight-and-Level Flight	Instrument cross-check techniques.
PI.VI.A.K6	Straight-and-Level Flight	Common errors related to Straight-and-Level Flight.
PI.VI.A.R1	Straight-and-Level Flight	Fixation and omission.
PI.VI.A.R2	Straight-and-Level Flight	Instrument Interpretation.
PI.VI.A.R3	Straight-and-Level Flight	Control application solely by reference to instruments.
PI.VI.A.R4	Straight-and-Level Flight	Aircraft coordination.
PI.VI.A.R5	Straight-and-Level Flight	Situations that can affect physiology and degrade instrument cross-check.
PI.VI.A.R6	Straight-and-Level Flight	Flying unfamiliar aircraft or operating with unfamiliar flight display systems and avionics.
PI.VI.A.R7	Straight-and-Level Flight	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PI.VI.A.S1	Straight-and-Level Flight	Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and apply the appropriate pitch, bank, power, configuration, and trim corrections when applicable.
PI.VI.A.S2	Straight-and-Level Flight	Maintain straight-and-level flight using instrument cross-check and interpretation and coordinated control application.
PI.VI.A.S3	Straight-and-Level Flight	Maintain altitude ±100 feet, heading ±10°, and airspeed ±10 knots.
PI.VI.A.S4	Straight-and-Level Flight	Analyze and correct common errors related to Straight-and-Level Flight.
PI.VI.B.K1	Turns	Elements related to attitude instrument flying during a standard rate turn.
PI.VI.B.K2	Turns	The relationship of pitch, bank, power, and configuration to a standard rate turn.
PI.VI.B.K3	Turns	Full and partial panel procedures for a constant rate turn, including the performance of a half-standard rate turn.
PI.VI.B.K4	Turns	Normal and abnormal instrument indications, interpretations, and operations.
PI.VI.B.K5	Turns	Instrument cross-check techniques.
PI.VI.B.K6	Turns	Common errors related to Turns.
PI.VI.B.R1	Turns	Fixation and omission.
PI.VI.B.R2	Turns	Instrument Interpretation.
PI.VI.B.R3	Turns	Control application solely by reference to instruments.
PI.VI.B.R4	Turns	Aircraft coordination.
PI.VI.B.R5	Turns	Situations that can affect physiology and degrade instrument cross-check.
PI.VI.B.R6	Turns	Flying unfamiliar aircraft or operating with unfamiliar flight display systems and avionics.
PI.VI.B.R7	Turns	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PI.VI.B.S1	Turns	Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and apply the appropriate pitch, bank, power, configuration, and trim corrections when applicable.
PI.VI.B.S2	Turns	Maintain turns using instrument cross-check and interpretation and coordinated control application.
PI.VI.B.S3	Turns	Maintain altitude ±100 feet, maintain a standard rate turn, roll out on the assigned heading ±10°, and maintain airspeed ±10 knots.
PI.VI.B.S4	Turns	Analyze and correct common errors related to Turns.
PI.VI.C.K1	Change of Airspeed in Straight-And-Level and Turning Flight	Elements related to attitude instrument flying while maintaining altitude during change of airspeed in straight-and-level and turning flight.
PI.VI.C.K2	Change of Airspeed in Straight-And-Level and Turning Flight	The relationship of pitch, bank, power, and configuration in straight-and-level and turning flight.
PI.VI.C.K3	Change of Airspeed in Straight-And-Level and Turning Flight	Full and partial panel procedures for change of airspeed in straight-and-level and turning flight.
PI.VI.C.K4	Change of Airspeed in Straight-And-Level and Turning Flight	Normal and abnormal instrument indications, interpretations, and operations.
PI.VI.C.K5	Change of Airspeed in Straight-And-Level and Turning Flight	Instrument cross-check techniques.
PI.VI.C.K6	Change of Airspeed in Straight-And-Level and Turning Flight	Common errors related to Change of Airspeed in Straight-And-Level and Turning Flight.
PI.VI.C.R1	Change of Airspeed in Straight-And-Level and Turning Flight	Fixation and omission.
PI.VI.C.R2	Change of Airspeed in Straight-And-Level and Turning Flight	Instrument Interpretation.
PI.VI.C.R3	Change of Airspeed in Straight-And-Level and Turning Flight	Control application solely by reference to instruments.
PI.VI.C.R4	Change of Airspeed in Straight-And-Level and Turning Flight	Aircraft coordination.
PI.VI.C.R5	Change of Airspeed in Straight-And-Level and Turning Flight	Situations that can affect physiology and degrade instrument cross-check.
PI.VI.C.R6	Change of Airspeed in Straight-And-Level and Turning Flight	Flying unfamiliar aircraft or operating with unfamiliar flight display systems and avionics.
PI.VI.C.R7	Change of Airspeed in Straight-And-Level and Turning Flight	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PI.VI.C.S1	Change of Airspeed in Straight-And-Level and Turning Flight	Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and apply the appropriate pitch, bank, power, configuration, and trim corrections when applicable.
PI.VI.C.S2	Change of Airspeed in Straight-And-Level and Turning Flight	Maintain change of airspeed in straight-and-level and turning flight using instrument cross-check and interpretation and coordinated control application.
PI.VI.C.S3	Change of Airspeed in Straight-And-Level and Turning Flight	Maintain altitude ±100 feet, maintain a standard rate turn, roll out on the assigned heading ±10°, and obtain the desired airspeed ±10 knots.
PI.VI.C.S4	Change of Airspeed in Straight-And-Level and Turning Flight	Analyze and correct common errors related to Change of Airspeed in Straight-And-Level and Turning Flight.
PI.VI.D.K1	Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents	Elements related to attitude instrument flying during constant airspeed climbs and descents.
PI.VI.D.K2	Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents	The relationship of pitch, bank, power, and configuration in constant airspeed climbs and descents including turns.
PI.VI.D.K3	Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents	Flight control inputs to maintain a constant airspeed in a straight or turning climb or descent using full and partial panel procedures.
PI.VI.D.K4	Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents	Normal and abnormal instrument indications, interpretations, and operations.
PI.VI.D.K5	Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents	Instrument cross-check techniques.
PI.VI.D.K6	Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents	Common errors related to Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents.
PI.VI.D.R1	Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents	Fixation and omission.
PI.VI.D.R2	Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents	Instrument Interpretation.
PI.VI.D.R3	Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents	Aircraft coordination.
PI.VI.D.R4	Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents	Situations that can affect physiology and degrade instrument cross-check.
PI.VI.D.R5	Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents	Flying unfamiliar aircraft or operating with unfamiliar flight display systems and avionics.
PI.VI.D.R6	Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PI.VI.D.R7	Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents	Control application solely by reference to instruments.
PI.VI.D.S1	Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents	Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and apply the appropriate pitch, bank, power, configuration, and trim corrections when applicable.
PI.VI.D.S2	Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents	Conduct a straight climb or descent, from either cruising, climbing, or descending airspeed, maintain heading ±10°.
PI.VI.D.S3	Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents	Level off at the assigned altitude and maintain altitude ±100 feet.
PI.VI.D.S4	Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents	Roll out on the assigned heading ±10°upon completion of the turn.
PI.VI.D.S5	Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents	Maintain airspeed ±10 knots during the maneuver.
PI.VI.D.S6	Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents	Analyze and correct common errors related to Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents.
PI.VI.E.K1	Constant Rate Climbs and Descents	Elements related to attitude instrument flying during constant rate climbs and descents.
PI.VI.E.K2	Constant Rate Climbs and Descents	The relationship of pitch, bank, power, and configuration in constant rate climbs and descents including turns.
PI.VI.E.K3	Constant Rate Climbs and Descents	Flight control inputs to maintain a constant rate in a straight or turning climb or descent using full and partial panel procedures.
PI.VI.E.K4	Constant Rate Climbs and Descents	Normal and abnormal instrument indications, interpretations, and operations.
PI.VI.E.K5	Constant Rate Climbs and Descents	Instrument cross-check techniques.
PI.VI.E.K6	Constant Rate Climbs and Descents	Common errors related to Constant Rate Climbs and Descents.
PI.VI.E.R1	Constant Rate Climbs and Descents	Fixation and omission.
PI.VI.E.R2	Constant Rate Climbs and Descents	Instrument Interpretation.
PI.VI.E.R3	Constant Rate Climbs and Descents	Aircraft coordination.
PI.VI.E.R4	Constant Rate Climbs and Descents	Situations that can affect physiology and degrade instrument cross-check.
PI.VI.E.R5	Constant Rate Climbs and Descents	Flying unfamiliar aircraft or operating with unfamiliar flight display systems and avionics.
PI.VI.E.R6	Constant Rate Climbs and Descents	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PI.VI.E.R7	Constant Rate Climbs and Descents	Control application solely by reference to instruments.
PI.VI.E.S1	Constant Rate Climbs and Descents	Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and apply the appropriate pitch, bank, power, configuration, and trim corrections when applicable.
PI.VI.E.S2	Constant Rate Climbs and Descents	Conduct a constant rate straight climb or descent, from either cruising, climbing, or descending airspeed, maintain heading ±10°.
PI.VI.E.S3	Constant Rate Climbs and Descents	Roll out on the assigned heading ±10°upon completion of the turn.
PI.VI.E.S4	Constant Rate Climbs and Descents	Maintain airspeed ±10 knots during the maneuver.
PI.VI.E.S5	Constant Rate Climbs and Descents	Level off at the assigned altitude and maintain altitude ±100 feet.
PI.VI.E.S6	Constant Rate Climbs and Descents	Analyze and correct common errors related to Constant Rate Climbs and Descents.
PI.VI.F.K1	Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings	Elements related to attitude instrument flying during timed turns to magnetic compass headings, including operating characteristics and errors of the magnetic compass.
PI.VI.F.K2	Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings	The relationship of pitch, bank, and power during timed turns to magnetic compass headings.
PI.VI.F.K3	Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings	Full and partial panel procedures for timed turns to specified magnetic compass headings.
PI.VI.F.K4	Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings	Normal and abnormal instrument indications and operations.
PI.VI.F.K5	Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings	Instrument cross-check techniques.
PI.VI.F.K6	Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings	Common errors related to Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings.
PI.VI.F.R1	Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings	Fixation and omission.
PI.VI.F.R2	Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings	Instrument Interpretation.
PI.VI.F.R3	Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings	Aircraft coordination.
PI.VI.F.R4	Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings	Situations that can affect physiology and degrade instrument cross-check.
PI.VI.F.R5	Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings	Flying unfamiliar aircraft or operating with unfamiliar flight display systems and avionics.
PI.VI.F.R6	Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PI.VI.F.R7	Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings	Control application solely by reference to instruments.
PI.VI.F.S1	Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings	Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and apply the appropriate pitch, bank, power, configuration, and trim corrections when applicable.
PI.VI.F.S2	Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings	Complete timed turns to specific magnetic compass headings using instrument cross-check and interpretation and coordinated control application.
PI.VI.F.S3	Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings	Maintain altitude ±100 feet, maintain a standard rate turn, roll out on the assigned heading ±10°, and obtain the desired airspeed ±10 knots.
PI.VI.F.S4	Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings	Analyze and correct common errors related to Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings.
PI.VI.G.K1	Steep Turns	Elements related to attitude instrument flying during steep turns.
PI.VI.G.K2	Steep Turns	The relationship of pitch, bank, power, and configuration during steep turns.
PI.VI.G.K3	Steep Turns	Full and partial panel procedures for entry and completion of steep turns.
PI.VI.G.K4	Steep Turns	Normal and abnormal instrument indications and operations.
PI.VI.G.K5	Steep Turns	Instrument cross-check techniques.
PI.VI.G.K6	Steep Turns	Common errors related to Steep Turns.
PI.VI.G.R1	Steep Turns	Fixation and omission.
PI.VI.G.R2	Steep Turns	Instrument Interpretation.
PI.VI.G.R3	Steep Turns	Control application solely by reference to instruments.
PI.VI.G.R4	Steep Turns	Aircraft coordination.
PI.VI.G.R5	Steep Turns	Situations that can affect physiology and degrade instrument cross-check.
PI.VI.G.R6	Steep Turns	Flying unfamiliar aircraft or operating with unfamiliar flight display systems and avionics.
PI.VI.G.R7	Steep Turns	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PI.VI.G.S1	Steep Turns	Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and apply the appropriate pitch, bank, power, configuration, and trim corrections when applicable.
PI.VI.G.S2	Steep Turns	Demonstrates and simultaneously explains steep turns from an instructional standpoint.
PI.VI.G.S3	Steep Turns	Establish the manufacturer's recommended airspeed; or if one is not available, an airspeed not to exceed maneuvering speed (VA).
PI.VI.G.S4	Steep Turns	Conduct an Instrument cross check using full and/or partial panel instruments.
PI.VI.G.S5	Steep Turns	Perform the Task in the opposite direction.
PI.VI.G.S6	Steep Turns	Maintain the entry altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, bank ±5°, and roll out on the entry heading ±10°.
PI.VI.G.S7	Steep Turns	Analyze and correct common errors related to Steep Turns.
PI.VI.H.K1	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Prevention of unusual attitudes, including flight causal, physiological, and environmental factors, and system and equipment failures.
PI.VI.H.K2	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Full panel and partial panel procedures for recovery from unusual attitudes in flight.
PI.VI.H.K3	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Procedures available to safely regain visual meteorological conditions (VMC) after flight into inadvertent instrument meteorological conditions or unintended instrument meteorological conditions (IIMC)/(UIMC).
PI.VI.H.K4	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Appropriate use of automation, if applicable.
PI.VI.H.K5	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Common errors related to Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes.
PI.VI.H.R1	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Situations that could lead to loss of control in-flight (LOC-I) or unusual attitudes in-flight (e.g., stress, task saturation, inadequate instrument scan distractions, and spatial disorientation).
PI.VI.H.R2	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Assessment of the unusual attitude.
PI.VI.H.R3	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Control input errors, inducing undesired aircraft attitudes.
PI.VI.H.R4	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Collision hazards.
PI.VI.H.R5	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PI.VI.H.R6	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Interpreting flight instruments.
PI.VI.H.R7	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Control application solely by reference to instruments.
PI.VI.H.R8	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Operating envelope considerations.
PI.VI.H.S1	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation to identify an unusual attitude (including both nose-high and nose-low) in flight, and apply the appropriate flight control, power input, and aircraft configuration in the correct sequence, to return to a stabilized level flight attitude.
PI.VI.H.S2	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PI.VI.H.S3	Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes	Analyze and correct common errors related to Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes.
PI.VII.A.K1	Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems and DME Arcs	Ground-based navigation (orientation, course determination, equipment, tests, and regulations), including procedures for intercepting and tracking courses and arcs.
PI.VII.A.K2	Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems and DME Arcs	Satellite-based navigation (orientation, course determination, equipment, tests, regulations, interference, appropriate use of databases, Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM), and Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)), including procedures for intercepting and tracking courses and arcs.
PI.VII.A.K3	Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems and DME Arcs	Common errors related to Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems and DME Arcs.
PI.VII.A.R1	Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems and DME Arcs	Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.
PI.VII.A.R2	Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems and DME Arcs	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PI.VII.A.R3	Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems and DME Arcs	Limitations of the navigation system in use.
PI.VII.A.S1	Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems and DME Arcs	Tune and identify the navigation facility/program the navigation system and verify system accuracy as appropriate for the equipment installed in the aircraft.
PI.VII.A.S2	Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems and DME Arcs	Determine aircraft position relative to the navigational facility or waypoint.
PI.VII.A.S3	Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems and DME Arcs	Set and orient to the course to be intercepted.
PI.VII.A.S4	Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems and DME Arcs	Intercept the specified course at appropriate angle, inbound to or outbound from a navigational facility or waypoint.
PI.VII.A.S5	Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems and DME Arcs	Maintain airspeed ±10 knots, altitude ±100 feet, and selected headings ±5°.
PI.VII.A.S6	Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems and DME Arcs	Apply proper correction to maintain a course, allowing no more than 3/4-scale deflection of the course deviation indicator (CDI). If a distance measuring equipment (DME) arc is selected, maintain that arc ±1 nautical mile.
PI.VII.A.S7	Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems and DME Arcs	Recognize navigational system or facility failure, and when required, report the failure to air traffic control (ATC).
PI.VII.A.S8	Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems and DME Arcs	Use a multi-function display (MFD) and other graphical navigation displays, if installed, to monitor position, track wind drift, and to maintain situational awareness.
PI.VII.A.S9	Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems and DME Arcs	At the discretion of the evaluator, use the autopilot to make appropriate course intercepts, if installed.
PI.VII.A.S10	Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems and DME Arcs	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PI.VII.A.S11	Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems and DME Arcs	Analyze and correct common errors related to Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems and DME Arcs.
PI.VII.B.K1	Departure, En Route, and Arrival Operations	Elements related to ATC routes, including departure procedures (DPs) and associated climb gradients; standard terminal arrival (STAR) procedures and associated constraints.
PI.VII.B.K2	Departure, En Route, and Arrival Operations	Pilot/controller responsibilities, communication procedures, and ATC services available to pilots.
PI.VII.B.K3	Departure, En Route, and Arrival Operations	Common errors related to Departure, En Route, and Arrival Operations.
PI.VII.B.R1	Departure, En Route, and Arrival Operations	ATC communications and compliance with published procedures.
PI.VII.B.R2	Departure, En Route, and Arrival Operations	Limitations of traffic avoidance equipment.
PI.VII.B.R3	Departure, En Route, and Arrival Operations	Responsibility to use "see and avoid" techniques when possible.
PI.VII.B.S1	Departure, En Route, and Arrival Operations	Select, identify (as necessary) and use the appropriate communication and navigation facilities associated with the proposed flight.
PI.VII.B.S2	Departure, En Route, and Arrival Operations	Perform the appropriate checklist items relative to the phase of flight.
PI.VII.B.S3	Departure, En Route, and Arrival Operations	Use the current and appropriate paper or electronic navigation publications.
PI.VII.B.S4	Departure, En Route, and Arrival Operations	Establish two-way communications with the proper controlling agency, use proper phraseology, and comply in a timely manner with all ATC instructions and airspace restrictions.
PI.VII.B.S5	Departure, En Route, and Arrival Operations	Intercept all courses, radials, and bearings appropriate to the procedure, route, or clearance in a timely manner.
PI.VII.B.S6	Departure, En Route, and Arrival Operations	Comply with all applicable charted procedures.
PI.VII.B.S7	Departure, En Route, and Arrival Operations	Maintain airspeed ±10 knots, altitude ±100 feet, and selected headings ±10°, and apply proper correction to maintain a course allowing no more than 3/4-scale deflection of the course deviation indicator (CDI).
PI.VII.B.S8	Departure, En Route, and Arrival Operations	Update/interpret weather in flight.
PI.VII.B.S9	Departure, En Route, and Arrival Operations	Use displays of digital weather and aeronautical information, as applicable to maintain situational awareness.
PI.VII.B.S10	Departure, En Route, and Arrival Operations	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PI.VII.B.S11	Departure, En Route, and Arrival Operations	Analyze and correct common errors related to Departure, En Route, and Arrival Operations.
PI.VIII.A.K1	Non-precision Approach	Procedures and limitations associated with a non-precision approach, including the differences between Localizer Performance (LP) and Lateral Navigation (LNAV) approach guidance.
PI.VIII.A.K2	Non-precision Approach	Navigation system indications and annunciations expected during an area navigation (RNAV) approach.
PI.VIII.A.K3	Non-precision Approach	Ground-based and satellite-based navigation systems used for a non-precision approach.
PI.VIII.A.K4	Non-precision Approach	A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
PI.VIII.A.K5	Non-precision Approach	Copter Point-in-Space (PinS) approaches.
PI.VIII.A.K6	Non-precision Approach	Common errors related to Non-precision Approach.
PI.VIII.A.R1	Non-precision Approach	Deviating from the assigned approach procedure.
PI.VIII.A.R2	Non-precision Approach	Selecting a navigation frequency.
PI.VIII.A.R3	Non-precision Approach	Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.
PI.VIII.A.R4	Non-precision Approach	Aircraft configuration during an approach and missed approach.
PI.VIII.A.R5	Non-precision Approach	An unstable approach, including excessive descent rates.
PI.VIII.A.R6	Non-precision Approach	Deteriorating weather conditions on approach.
PI.VIII.A.R7	Non-precision Approach	Operating below the minimum descent altitude (MDA) without proper visual references.
PI.VIII.A.S1	Non-precision Approach	Accomplish the non-precision instrument approaches selected by the evaluator.
PI.VIII.A.S2	Non-precision Approach	Establish two-way communications with air traffic control (ATC) appropriate for the phase of flight or approach segment, and use proper communication phraseology.
PI.VIII.A.S3	Non-precision Approach	Select, tune, identify, and confirm the operational status of navigation equipment to be used for the approach.
PI.VIII.A.S4	Non-precision Approach	Comply with all clearances issued by ATC or the evaluator.
PI.VIII.A.S5	Non-precision Approach	Recognize if any flight instrumentation is inaccurate or inoperative, and take appropriate action.
PI.VIII.A.S6	Non-precision Approach	Advise ATC or the evaluator if unable to comply with a clearance.
PI.VIII.A.S7	Non-precision Approach	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PI.VIII.A.S8	Non-precision Approach	Establish the appropriate aircraft configuration and airspeed considering meteorological and operating conditions.
PI.VIII.A.S9	Non-precision Approach	Maintain altitude ±100 feet, selected heading ±10°, airspeed ±10 knots, no more than 3/4 scale CDI deflection, and accurately track radials, courses, or bearings, prior to beginning the final approach segment.
PI.VIII.A.S10	Non-precision Approach	Adjust the published MDA and visibility criteria for the aircraft approach category, as appropriate, for factors that include Notices of Air Missions (NOTAMs), inoperative aircraft or navigation equipment, or inoperative visual aids associated with the landing environment, etc.
PI.VIII.A.S11	Non-precision Approach	Establish a stabilized descent to the appropriate altitude.
PI.VIII.A.S12	Non-precision Approach	For the final approach segment, maintain no more than 3/4 scale CDI deflection, airspeed ±10 knots, and altitude, if applicable, above MDA +100/-0 feet to the Visual Descent Point (VDP) or missed approach point (MAP).
PI.VIII.A.S13	Non-precision Approach	Assess if the required visual references are available, and either initiate the missed approach procedure or continue for landing.
PI.VIII.A.S14	Non-precision Approach	Use a multi-function display (MFD) and other graphical navigation displays, if installed, to monitor position, track wind drift, and to maintain situational awareness.
PI.VIII.A.S15	Non-precision Approach	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PI.VIII.A.S16	Non-precision Approach	Analyze and correct common errors related to Non-precision Approach.
PI.VIII.B.K1	Precision Approach	Procedures and limitations associated with a precision approach, including determining required descent rates and adjusting minimums in the case of inoperative equipment.
PI.VIII.B.K2	Precision Approach	Navigation system displays, annunciations, and modes of operation.
PI.VIII.B.K3	Precision Approach	Ground-based and satellite-based navigation systems (orientation, course determination, equipment, tests and regulations, interference, appropriate use of navigation data, signal integrity).
PI.VIII.B.K4	Precision Approach	A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
PI.VIII.B.K5	Precision Approach	Common errors related to Precision Approach.
PI.VIII.B.R1	Precision Approach	Deviating from the assigned approach procedure.
PI.VIII.B.R2	Precision Approach	Selecting a navigation frequency.
PI.VIII.B.R3	Precision Approach	Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.
PI.VIII.B.R4	Precision Approach	Aircraft configuration during an approach and missed approach.
PI.VIII.B.R5	Precision Approach	An unstable approach, including excessive descent rates.
PI.VIII.B.R6	Precision Approach	Deteriorating weather conditions on approach.
PI.VIII.B.R7	Precision Approach	Continuing to descend below the Decision Altitude (DA)/Decision Height (DH) when the required visual references are not visible.
PI.VIII.B.S1	Precision Approach	Accomplish the precision instrument approach(es) selected by the evaluator.
PI.VIII.B.S2	Precision Approach	Establish two-way communications with air traffic control (ATC) appropriate for the phase of flight or approach segment, and use proper communication phraseology.
PI.VIII.B.S3	Precision Approach	Select, tune, identify, and confirm the operational status of navigation equipment to be used for the approach.
PI.VIII.B.S4	Precision Approach	Comply with all clearances issued by ATC or the evaluator.
PI.VIII.B.S5	Precision Approach	Recognize if any flight instrumentation is inaccurate or inoperative, and take appropriate action.
PI.VIII.B.S6	Precision Approach	Advise ATC or the evaluator if unable to comply with a clearance.
PI.VIII.B.S7	Precision Approach	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PI.VIII.B.S8	Precision Approach	Establish the appropriate aircraft configuration and airspeed considering meteorological and operating conditions.
PI.VIII.B.S9	Precision Approach	Maintain altitude ±100 feet, selected heading ±10°, airspeed ±10 knots, no more than 3/4 scale CDI deflection, and accurately track radials, courses, or bearings, prior to beginning the final approach segment.
PI.VIII.B.S10	Precision Approach	Adjust the published DA/DH and visibility criteria for the aircraft approach category, as appropriate, to account for NOTAMS, inoperative aircraft or navigation equipment, or inoperative visual aids associated with the landing environment.
PI.VIII.B.S11	Precision Approach	Establish a predetermined rate of descent at the point where vertical guidance begins, which approximates that required for the aircraft to follow the vertical guidance.
PI.VIII.B.S12	Precision Approach	Maintain a stabilized final approach from the final approach fix (FAF) to DA/DH allowing no more than 3/4-scale deflection of either the vertical or lateral guidance indications, and maintain the desired airspeed ±10 knots.
PI.VIII.B.S13	Precision Approach	Immediately initiate the missed approach procedure when at the DA/DH, and the required visual references for the runway are not unmistakably visible and identifiable.
PI.VIII.B.S14	Precision Approach	Transition to a normal landing approach only when the aircraft is in a position from which a descent to a landing on the runway, or to a heliport, can be made at a normal rate of descent using normal maneuvering.
PI.VIII.B.S15	Precision Approach	Maintain a stabilized visual flight path from the DA/DH to the runway aiming point or descend visually to a suitable touchdown point not aligned with the instrument runway final course, as directed by the evaluator.
PI.VIII.B.S16	Precision Approach	Use a multi-function display (MFD) and other graphical navigation displays, if installed, to monitor position, track wind drift, and to maintain situational awareness.
PI.VIII.B.S17	Precision Approach	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PI.VIII.B.S18	Precision Approach	Analyze and correct common errors related to Precision Approach.
PI.VIII.C.K1	Missed Approach	Elements related to missed approach procedures and limitations associated with standard instrument approaches, including while using a flight management system (FMS) or autopilot, if equipped.
PI.VIII.C.K2	Missed Approach	Common errors related to Missed Approach.
PI.VIII.C.R1	Missed Approach	Deviations from prescribed procedures or ATC instructions.
PI.VIII.C.R2	Missed Approach	Holding, diverting, or electing to fly the approach again.
PI.VIII.C.R3	Missed Approach	Aircraft configuration during an approach and missed approach.
PI.VIII.C.R4	Missed Approach	Factors that might lead to executing a missed approach procedure before the MAP or to a go-around below DA, DH, or MDA, as applicable.
PI.VIII.C.R5	Missed Approach	Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.
PI.VIII.C.S1	Missed Approach	Promptly initiate the missed approach procedure and report it to ATC.
PI.VIII.C.S2	Missed Approach	Apply the appropriate power setting and aircraft configuration for the flight conditions to obtain the desired performance.
PI.VIII.C.S3	Missed Approach	Comply with the published or alternate missed approach procedure.
PI.VIII.C.S4	Missed Approach	Advise ATC or the evaluator if unable to comply with a clearance, restriction, or climb gradient.
PI.VIII.C.S5	Missed Approach	Follow the recommended checklist items appropriate to the missed approach/go-around procedure.
PI.VIII.C.S6	Missed Approach	Maintain the recommended airspeed ±10 knots; heading, course, or bearing ±10°; and altitude(s) ±100 feet during the missed approach procedure.
PI.VIII.C.S7	Missed Approach	Use an MFD and other graphical navigation displays, if installed, to monitor position and track to help navigate the missed approach.
PI.VIII.C.S8	Missed Approach	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PI.VIII.C.S9	Missed Approach	Request ATC clearance to attempt another approach, proceed to the alternate airport, holding fix, or other clearance limit, as appropriate, or as directed by the evaluator.
PI.VIII.C.S10	Missed Approach	Analyze and correct common errors related to Missed Approach.
PI.VIII.D.K1	Circling Approach	Elements related to circling approach procedures and limitations, including approach categories and related airspeed restrictions.
PI.VIII.D.K2	Circling Approach	Common errors related to Circling Approach.
PI.VIII.D.R1	Circling Approach	Prescribed circling approach procedures.
PI.VIII.D.R2	Circling Approach	Executing a circling approach at night or with marginal visibility.
PI.VIII.D.R3	Circling Approach	Losing visual contact with an identifiable part of the airport.
PI.VIII.D.R4	Circling Approach	Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.
PI.VIII.D.R5	Circling Approach	Management of altitude, airspeed, or distance while circling.
PI.VIII.D.R6	Circling Approach	Collision hazards.
PI.VIII.D.R7	Circling Approach	Executing a missed approach after the MAP while circling.
PI.VIII.D.S1	Circling Approach	Comply with the circling approach procedure considering turbulence, windshear, and the maneuvering capability and approach category of the aircraft.
PI.VIII.D.S2	Circling Approach	Confirm the direction of traffic and adhere to all restrictions and instructions issued by ATC or the evaluator.
PI.VIII.D.S3	Circling Approach	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PI.VIII.D.S4	Circling Approach	Establish the approach and landing configuration. Maintain a stabilized approach and a descent rate that ensures arrival at the MDA, or the preselected circling altitude above the MDA, prior to the missed approach point.
PI.VIII.D.S5	Circling Approach	Maintain airspeed ±10 knots, desired heading/track ±10°, and altitude +100/-0 feet until descending below the MDA or the preselected circling altitude above the MDA.
PI.VIII.D.S6	Circling Approach	Visually maneuver to a base or downwind leg appropriate for the landing runway and environmental conditions.
PI.VIII.D.S7	Circling Approach	If a missed approach occurs, turn in the appropriate direction using the correct procedure and appropriately configure the aircraft.
PI.VIII.D.S8	Circling Approach	If landing, initiate a stabilized descent. Touch down on the first one-third of the selected runway without excessive maneuvering, without exceeding the normal operating limits of the aircraft, and without exceeding 30° of bank.
PI.VIII.D.S9	Circling Approach	Analyze and correct common errors related to Circling Approach.
PI.VIII.E.K1	Landing from an Instrument Approach	Elements related to the pilot's responsibilities, and the environmental, operational, and meteorological factors that affect landing from a straight-in or circling approach.
PI.VIII.E.K2	Landing from an Instrument Approach	Airport signs, markings, and lighting, including approach lighting systems.
PI.VIII.E.K3	Landing from an Instrument Approach	Appropriate landing profiles and aircraft configurations.
PI.VIII.E.K4	Landing from an Instrument Approach	Common errors related to Landing from an Instrument Approach.
PI.VIII.E.R1	Landing from an Instrument Approach	Attempting to land from an unstable approach.
PI.VIII.E.R2	Landing from an Instrument Approach	Flying below the glidepath.
PI.VIII.E.R3	Landing from an Instrument Approach	Transitioning from instrument to visual references for landing.
PI.VIII.E.R4	Landing from an Instrument Approach	Aircraft configuration for landing.
PI.VIII.E.S1	Landing from an Instrument Approach	Transition at the DA/DH, MDA, or visual descent point (VDP) to a visual flight condition, allowing for safe visual maneuvering and a normal landing.
PI.VIII.E.S2	Landing from an Instrument Approach	Adhere to all ATC or evaluator advisories, such as NOTAMs, windshear, wake turbulence, runway surface, and other operational considerations.
PI.VIII.E.S3	Landing from an Instrument Approach	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PI.VIII.E.S4	Landing from an Instrument Approach	Maintain positive aircraft control throughout the landing maneuver.
PI.VIII.E.S5	Landing from an Instrument Approach	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PI.VIII.E.S6	Landing from an Instrument Approach	Analyze and correct common errors related to Landing from an Instrument Approach.
PI.IX.A.K1	Loss of Communications	Procedures to follow in the event of lost communication during various phases of flight, including techniques for reestablishing communications, when it is acceptable to deviate from an instrument flight rules (IFR) clearance, and when to begin an approach at the destination.
PI.IX.A.K2	Loss of Communications	Common errors related to Loss of Communications.
PI.IX.A.R1	Loss of Communications	Possible reasons for loss of communication.
PI.IX.A.R2	Loss of Communications	Deviation from procedures for lost communications.
PI.IX.A.S1	Loss of Communications	Recognize a simulated loss of communication.
PI.IX.A.S2	Loss of Communications	Simulate actions to re-establish communication.
PI.IX.A.S3	Loss of Communications	Determine whether to continue to flight plan destination or deviate.
PI.IX.A.S4	Loss of Communications	Determine appropriate time to begin an approach.
PI.IX.A.S5	Loss of Communications	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PI.IX.A.S6	Loss of Communications	Analyze and correct common errors related to Loss of Communications.
PI.IX.B.K1	Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns	Procedures used if powerplant(s) fail during straight-and-level flight and turns while on instruments.
PI.IX.B.K2	Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns	Common errors related to Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns.
PI.IX.B.R1	Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns	Identification of the inoperative powerplant(s).
PI.IX.B.R2	Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns	Inability to climb or maintain altitude with any inoperative powerplant(s).
PI.IX.B.R3	Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns	Collision hazards.
PI.IX.B.R4	Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PI.IX.B.R5	Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns	Fuel management.
PI.IX.B.R6	Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns	Configuring the aircraft.
PI.IX.B.S1	Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns	Promptly recognize powerplant(s) failure and maintain positive aircraft control.
PI.IX.B.S2	Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns	Establish the best inoperative powerplant(s) aircraft configuration.
PI.IX.B.S3	Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns	Use flight controls and configure the aircraft as required to maintain best performance or as recommended by the manufacturer.
PI.IX.B.S4	Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns	Verify the prescribed checklist procedures used for securing any inoperative powerplant(s).
PI.IX.B.S5	Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns	Attempt to determine and resolve the reason for the powerplant(s) failure.
PI.IX.B.S6	Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns	Monitor powerplant functions and make necessary adjustments.
PI.IX.B.S7	Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns	Maintain the specified altitude ±100 feet or minimum sink rate if applicable, airspeed ±10 knots, and the specified heading ±10°.
PI.IX.B.S8	Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns	Assess the aircraft's performance capability and decide an appropriate action to ensure a safe landing.
PI.IX.B.S9	Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns	Maintain control and fly within the aircraft's operating limitations.
PI.IX.B.S10	Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PI.IX.B.S11	Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns	Analyze and correct common errors related to Powerplant(s) Inoperative (Simulated) during Straight-and-Level Flight and Turns.
PI.IX.C.K1	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Instrument approach procedures with any powerplant(s) inoperative.
PI.IX.C.K2	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Common errors related to Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s).
PI.IX.C.R1	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Potential powerplant(s) failure during approach.
PI.IX.C.R2	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PI.IX.C.R3	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Collision hazards.
PI.IX.C.R4	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Configuring the aircraft.
PI.IX.C.R5	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Performing a go-around/rejected landing with any failed powerplant(s).
PI.IX.C.S1	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Promptly recognize powerplant(s) failure and maintain positive aircraft control.
PI.IX.C.S2	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Confirm the correct aircraft configuration.
PI.IX.C.S3	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Follow the manufacturer's recommended emergency procedures and complete the appropriate checklist.
PI.IX.C.S4	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Use flight controls in the proper combination as recommended by the manufacturer.
PI.IX.C.S5	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Monitor the operating powerplant(s) and aircraft systems and make adjustments as necessary.
PI.IX.C.S6	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Request and follow an actual or a simulated air traffic control (ATC) clearance for an instrument approach.
PI.IX.C.S7	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Maintain altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, and selected heading ±10°.
PI.IX.C.S8	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Establish a rate of descent that ensures arrival at the minimum descent altitude (MDA) or decision altitude (DA)/decision height (DH) with the aircraft in a position from which a descent to a landing on the intended runway can be made, either straight in or circling as appropriate.
PI.IX.C.S9	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	On final approach segment, maintain vertical (as applicable) and lateral guidance within 3/4-scale deflection.
PI.IX.C.S10	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Maintain aircraft control and fly the aircraft within the powerplant(s) inoperative operating limitations.
PI.IX.C.S11	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Comply with the published criteria for the aircraft approach category.
PI.IX.C.S12	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Execute a landing.
PI.IX.C.S13	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PI.IX.C.S14	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PI.IX.C.S15	Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s)	Analyze and correct common errors related to Instrument Approach and Landing with Inoperative Powerplant(s).
PI.IX.D.K1	Approach with Loss of Primary Flight Instrument Indicators	Recognizing if primary flight instruments are inaccurate or inoperative, and advising ATC or the evaluator.
PI.IX.D.K2	Approach with Loss of Primary Flight Instrument Indicators	Possible failure modes of primary instruments and how to correct or minimize the effect of the loss.
PI.IX.D.K3	Approach with Loss of Primary Flight Instrument Indicators	Common errors related to Approach with Loss of Primary Flight Instrument Indicators.
PI.IX.D.R1	Approach with Loss of Primary Flight Instrument Indicators	Use of secondary flight displays when primary displays have failed.
PI.IX.D.R2	Approach with Loss of Primary Flight Instrument Indicators	Maintaining aircraft control.
PI.IX.D.R3	Approach with Loss of Primary Flight Instrument Indicators	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PI.IX.D.S1	Approach with Loss of Primary Flight Instrument Indicators	Advise ATC or the evaluator if unable to comply with a clearance.
PI.IX.D.S2	Approach with Loss of Primary Flight Instrument Indicators	Complete a non-precision instrument approach without the use of the primary flight instruments using the skill elements of the non-precision approach Task (see Area of Operation VIII, Task A).
PI.IX.D.S3	Approach with Loss of Primary Flight Instrument Indicators	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PI.IX.D.S4	Approach with Loss of Primary Flight Instrument Indicators	Analyze and correct common errors related to Approach with Loss of Primary Flight Instrument Indicators.
PI.X.A.K1	Checking Instruments and Equipment	Procedures for documenting in-flight/postflight discrepancies.
PI.X.A.K2	Checking Instruments and Equipment	Common errors related to Checking Instruments and Equipment.
PI.X.A.R1	Checking Instruments and Equipment	Performance and documentation of postflight inspection and aircraft discrepancies.
PI.X.A.S1	Checking Instruments and Equipment	Conduct a postflight inspection and document discrepancies and servicing requirements, if any.
PI.X.A.S2	Checking Instruments and Equipment	Analyze and correct common errors related to Checking Instruments and Equipment.