Fundamentals of Instructing (FOI) ACS Codes

All 145 Fundamentals of Instructing (FOI) and their official FAA knowledge-area descriptions. These are the codes printed on your Airman Knowledge Test Report for questions you missed. Upload your report to get just your codes as a printable sheet.

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Code	Task	FAA knowledge area
FI.I.A.K1	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	Elements of human behavior, including:
FI.I.A.K1a	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	a. Definitions of human behavior
FI.I.A.K1b	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	b. Instructor and learner relationship
FI.I.A.K1c	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	c. Motivation
FI.I.A.K1d	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	d. Human needs
FI.I.A.K1e	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	e. Defense mechanisms
FI.I.A.K2	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	Learner emotional reactions, including:
FI.I.A.K2a	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	a. Anxiety and stress
FI.I.A.K2b	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	b. Impatience
FI.I.A.K2c	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	c. Worry or lack of interest
FI.I.A.K2d	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	d. Physical discomfort, illness, fatigue, and dehydration
FI.I.A.K2e	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	e. Apathy due to inadequate instruction
FI.I.A.K3	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	Teaching the adult learner.
FI.I.A.K4	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	Effective communication, including:
FI.I.A.K4a	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	a. Basic elements of communication
FI.I.A.K4b	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	b. Barriers to effective communication
FI.I.A.K4c	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	c. Developing communication skills
FI.I.A.R1	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	Recognizing and accommodating human behavior.
FI.I.A.R2	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	Barriers to communication.
FI.I.A.S1	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	Give examples of how human behavior affects motivation and learning.
FI.I.A.S2	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	Describe what the instructor can do to deal with:
FI.I.A.S2a	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	a. Serious abnormal emotional behavior
FI.I.A.S2b	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	b. Defense mechanisms
FI.I.A.S3	Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process	Use effective communication in ground and flight instruction.
FI.I.B.K1	Learning Process	Definitions of learning.
FI.I.B.K2	Learning Process	Learning theory as it applies to ground and flight instruction, including:
FI.I.B.K2a	Learning Process	a. Behaviorism
FI.I.B.K2b	Learning Process	b. Cognitive Theory
FI.I.B.K3	Learning Process	Perceptions and insight.
FI.I.B.K4	Learning Process	Acquiring knowledge.
FI.I.B.K5	Learning Process	Laws of learning.
FI.I.B.K6	Learning Process	Domains of learning, including:
FI.I.B.K6a	Learning Process	a. Cognitive
FI.I.B.K6b	Learning Process	b. Affective
FI.I.B.K6c	Learning Process	c. Psychomotor
FI.I.B.K7	Learning Process	Characteristics of learning.
FI.I.B.K8	Learning Process	Scenario-based training (SBT).
FI.I.B.K9	Learning Process	Acquiring skill knowledge, including:
FI.I.B.K9a	Learning Process	a. Stages
FI.I.B.K9b	Learning Process	b. Knowledge of results
FI.I.B.K9c	Learning Process	c. How to develop skills
FI.I.B.K9d	Learning Process	d. Learning plateaus
FI.I.B.K10	Learning Process	Types of practice.
FI.I.B.K11	Learning Process	Evaluation versus critique.
FI.I.B.K12	Learning Process	Distractions, interruptions, fixation, and inattention.
FI.I.B.K13	Learning Process	Errors.
FI.I.B.K14	Learning Process	Memory, including:
FI.I.B.K14a	Learning Process	a. Sensory
FI.I.B.K14b	Learning Process	b. Short-Term Memory (STM) and Long-Term Memory (LTM)
FI.I.B.K14c	Learning Process	c. How usage affects memory
FI.I.B.K14d	Learning Process	d. Forgetting
FI.I.B.K15	Learning Process	Retention of learning.
FI.I.B.K16	Learning Process	Transfer of learning.
FI.I.B.R1	Learning Process	Inadequate or incomplete instruction.
FI.I.B.R2	Learning Process	Lack of learner motivation.
FI.I.B.R3	Learning Process	Recognizing and correcting learner errors.
FI.I.B.S1	Learning Process	Apply educational theories to ground and flight instruction.
FI.I.B.S2	Learning Process	Recognize and correct conditions that undermine the learning process.
FI.I.B.S3	Learning Process	Plan for and use techniques, including realistic distractions that teach flight students how to manage a workload.
FI.I.C.K1	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	Teaching, including:
FI.I.C.K1a	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	a. Process
FI.I.C.K1b	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	b. Essential skills
FI.I.C.K2	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	Course of training.
FI.I.C.K3	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	Preparation of a lesson, including:
FI.I.C.K3a	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	a. Training objectives and completion standards
FI.I.C.K3b	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	b. Performance-based objectives
FI.I.C.K3c	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	c. Importance of Airman Certification Standards (ACS) in aviation training curricula
FI.I.C.K3d	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	d. Decision-based objectives
FI.I.C.K4	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	Organization of material.
FI.I.C.K5	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	Training delivery methods, including:
FI.I.C.K5a	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	a. Lecture
FI.I.C.K5b	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	b. Discussion
FI.I.C.K5c	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	c. Guided discussion
FI.I.C.K5d	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	d. Cooperative or group learning
FI.I.C.K5e	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	e. Demonstration-performance
FI.I.C.K5f	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	f. Drill and practice
FI.I.C.K6	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	Electronic learning (e-Learning).
FI.I.C.K7	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	Instructional aids and training technologies, including:
FI.I.C.K7a	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	a. Characteristics of effective instructional aids
FI.I.C.K7b	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	b. Reasons for use
FI.I.C.K7c	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	c. Guidelines for use
FI.I.C.K7d	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	d. Types
FI.I.C.K8	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	Integrated flight instruction.
FI.I.C.K9	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	Problem-based instruction.
FI.I.C.K10	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	Planning instructional activity, including:
FI.I.C.K10a	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	a. Blocks of learning
FI.I.C.K10b	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	b. Training syllabus
FI.I.C.K10c	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	c. Lesson plans
FI.I.C.R1	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	Selection of teaching method.
FI.I.C.S1	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	Prepare an instructional lesson plan using teaching methods and materials appropriate for Task and learner characteristics, including:
FI.I.C.S1a	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	a. Aeronautical knowledge ground lesson applicable for a classroom
FI.I.C.S1b	Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques	b. Maneuver introduction and ground lesson
FI.I.D.K1	Student Evaluation, Assessment, and Testing	Purpose and characteristics of effective assessment.
FI.I.D.K2	Student Evaluation, Assessment, and Testing	Traditional assessments.
FI.I.D.K3	Student Evaluation, Assessment, and Testing	Authentic assessments, including:
FI.I.D.K3a	Student Evaluation, Assessment, and Testing	a. Learner-centered assessment
FI.I.D.K3b	Student Evaluation, Assessment, and Testing	b. Maneuver or procedure grades
FI.I.D.K3c	Student Evaluation, Assessment, and Testing	c. Assessing risk management skills
FI.I.D.K4	Student Evaluation, Assessment, and Testing	Choosing an effective assessment method.
FI.I.D.K5	Student Evaluation, Assessment, and Testing	Purposes and types of critiques.
FI.I.D.K6	Student Evaluation, Assessment, and Testing	Oral assessment, including:
FI.I.D.K6a	Student Evaluation, Assessment, and Testing	a. Characteristics of effective questions
FI.I.D.K6b	Student Evaluation, Assessment, and Testing	b. Types of questions to avoid
FI.I.D.K6c	Student Evaluation, Assessment, and Testing	c. Answering learner questions
FI.I.D.K7	Student Evaluation, Assessment, and Testing	Assessment of piloting ability.
FI.I.D.R1	Student Evaluation, Assessment, and Testing	Delivering an assessment.
FI.I.D.S1	Student Evaluation, Assessment, and Testing	Use appropriate methods and techniques to assess learner performance in ground or flight training.
FI.I.E.K1	Elements of Effective Teaching in a Professional Environment	Aviation instructor responsibilities, including:
FI.I.E.K1a	Elements of Effective Teaching in a Professional Environment	a. Helping learners
FI.I.E.K1b	Elements of Effective Teaching in a Professional Environment	b. Providing adequate instruction
FI.I.E.K1c	Elements of Effective Teaching in a Professional Environment	c. Training to established standards of performance
FI.I.E.K1d	Elements of Effective Teaching in a Professional Environment	d. Emphasizing the positive
FI.I.E.K1e	Elements of Effective Teaching in a Professional Environment	e. Minimizing learner frustrations
FI.I.E.K2	Elements of Effective Teaching in a Professional Environment	Flight instructor responsibilities, including supervision and surveillance during training.
FI.I.E.K3	Elements of Effective Teaching in a Professional Environment	Flight instructor qualifications and professionalism.
FI.I.E.K4	Elements of Effective Teaching in a Professional Environment	Professional development.
FI.I.E.K5	Elements of Effective Teaching in a Professional Environment	Instructor ethics and conduct.
FI.I.E.R1	Elements of Effective Teaching in a Professional Environment	Fulfilling instructor responsibilities.
FI.I.E.R2	Elements of Effective Teaching in a Professional Environment	Exhibiting professionalism.
FI.I.E.S1	Elements of Effective Teaching in a Professional Environment	Deliver ground or flight instruction on an evaluator-assigned Task in a manner consistent with instructor responsibilities and professional characteristics as stated in K1 through K5.
FI.I.F.K1	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	Teaching risk identification, assessment, and mitigation.
FI.I.F.K2	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	Teaching risk management tools, including:
FI.I.F.K2a	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	a. Pilot/Aircraft/enVironment/External Pressures (PAVE) checklist
FI.I.F.K2b	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	b. Flight Risk Assessment Tools (FRATs)
FI.I.F.K3	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	When and how to introduce risk management.
FI.I.F.K4	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	Risk management teaching techniques by phase of instruction.
FI.I.F.K5	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	Managing risk during flight instruction, including:
FI.I.F.K5a	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	a. Common flight instruction risks
FI.I.F.K5b	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	b. Best practices
FI.I.F.K5c	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	c. Special considerations while teaching takeoffs and landings
FI.I.F.K6	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) to include using Crew Resource Management (CRM) or Single- Pilot Resource Management (SRM), as appropriate.
FI.I.F.R1	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	Hazards associated with providing flight instruction.
FI.I.F.R2	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	Obstacles to maintaining situational awareness during flight instruction.
FI.I.F.R3	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	Recognizing and managing hazards arising from human behavior, including hazardous attitudes.
FI.I.F.S1	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	Use scenario-based training (SBT) to demonstrate, teach, and assess risk management and Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) skills in the context of a Task specified by the evaluator.
FI.I.F.S2	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	Identify, assess, and mitigate risks commonly associated with flight instruction by maintaining:
FI.I.F.S2a	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	a. Awareness and oversight of the learner's actions, with timely and appropriate supervision, intervention, or mitigation as needed
FI.I.F.S2b	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	b. Awareness of the learner's cognitive/physiological state, with timely action to mitigate anxiety, fatigue, or other obstruction to learning
FI.I.F.S2c	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	c. Overall situational awareness of the aircraft's dynamic state, its position in space, and vigilance for unexpected events or changing circumstances that occur in the environment
FI.I.F.S3	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	Model and teach safety practices, including maintaining:
FI.I.F.S3a	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	a. Collision avoidance while simultaneously providing instruction
FI.I.F.S3b	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	b. Avoidance of unnecessary distractions
FI.I.F.S3c	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	c. Coordinated flight
FI.I.F.S3d	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	d. Awareness of who is manipulating controls through positive exchange of flight controls
FI.I.F.S3e	Elements of Effective Teaching that Include Risk Management and Accident Prevention	e. Continuous awareness of the aircraft's dynamic state and position in the NAS