Private Pilot - Helicopter (PAH) ACS Codes

All 925 Private Pilot - Helicopter and their official FAA knowledge-area descriptions. These are the codes printed on your Airman Knowledge Test Report for questions you missed. Upload your report to get just your codes as a printable sheet.

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Code	Task	FAA knowledge area
PH.I.A.K1	Pilot Qualifications	Certification requirements, recent flight experience, and recordkeeping.
PH.I.A.K2	Pilot Qualifications	Privileges and limitations.
PH.I.A.K3	Pilot Qualifications	Medical certificates: class, expiration, privileges, temporary disqualifications.
PH.I.A.K4	Pilot Qualifications	Documents required to exercise private pilot privileges.
PH.I.A.K5	Pilot Qualifications	Part 68 BasicMed privileges and limitations.
PH.I.A.R1	Pilot Qualifications	Proficiency versus currency.
PH.I.A.R2	Pilot Qualifications	Flying an unfamiliar helicopter or operating with unfamiliar flight display systems and avionics.
PH.I.A.S1	Pilot Qualifications	Apply requirements to act as pilot-in-command (PIC) under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) in a scenario given by the evaluator.
PH.I.B.K1	Airworthiness Requirements	General airworthiness requirements and compliance for a helicopter, including:
PH.I.B.K1a	Airworthiness Requirements	a. Location and expiration dates of required aircraft certificates
PH.I.B.K1b	Airworthiness Requirements	b. Required inspections and aircraft logbook documentation
PH.I.B.K1c	Airworthiness Requirements	c. Airworthiness Directives and Special Airworthiness Information Bulletins
PH.I.B.K1d	Airworthiness Requirements	d. Purpose and procedure for obtaining a special flight permit
PH.I.B.K1e	Airworthiness Requirements	e. Owner/Operator and pilot-in-command responsibilities
PH.I.B.K2	Airworthiness Requirements	Pilot-performed preventive maintenance.
PH.I.B.K3	Airworthiness Requirements	Equipment requirements for day and night VFR flight, including:
PH.I.B.K3a	Airworthiness Requirements	a. Flying with inoperative equipment
PH.I.B.K3b	Airworthiness Requirements	b. Using an approved Minimum Equipment List (MEL)
PH.I.B.K3c	Airworthiness Requirements	c. Kinds of Operation Equipment List (KOEL)
PH.I.B.K3d	Airworthiness Requirements	d. Required discrepancy records or placards
PH.I.B.K4	Airworthiness Requirements	Special airworthiness certificate aircraft operating limitations, if applicable.
PH.I.B.R1	Airworthiness Requirements	Inoperative equipment discovered prior to flight.
PH.I.B.S1	Airworthiness Requirements	Locate and describe helicopter airworthiness and registration information.
PH.I.B.S2	Airworthiness Requirements	Determine the helicopter is airworthy in the scenario given by the evaluator.
PH.I.B.S3	Airworthiness Requirements	Apply appropriate procedures for operating with inoperative equipment in the scenario given by the evaluator.
PH.I.C.K1	Weather Information	Sources of weather data (e.g., National Weather Service, Flight Service) for flight planning purposes.
PH.I.C.K2	Weather Information	Acceptable weather products and resources required for preflight planning, current and forecast weather for departure, en route, and arrival phases of flight such as:
PH.I.C.K2a	Weather Information	a. Airport Observations (METAR and SPECI) and Pilot Observations (PIREP)
PH.I.C.K2b	Weather Information	b. Surface Analysis Chart, Ceiling and Visibility Chart (CVA)
PH.I.C.K2c	Weather Information	c. Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF)
PH.I.C.K2d	Weather Information	d. Graphical Forecasts for Aviation (GFA)
PH.I.C.K2e	Weather Information	e. Wind and Temperature Aloft Forecast (FB)
PH.I.C.K2f	Weather Information	f. Convective Outlook (AC)
PH.I.C.K2g	Weather Information	g. Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories including Airmen's Meteorological Information (AIRMET), Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET), and Convective SIGMET
PH.I.C.K3	Weather Information	Meteorology applicable to the departure, en route, alternate, and destination under visual flight rules (VFR) in Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC), including expected climate and hazardous conditions such as:
PH.I.C.K3a	Weather Information	a. Atmospheric composition and stability
PH.I.C.K3b	Weather Information	b. Wind (e.g., windshear, mountain wave, factors affecting wind, etc.)
PH.I.C.K3c	Weather Information	c. Temperature and heat exchange
PH.I.C.K3d	Weather Information	d. Moisture/precipitation
PH.I.C.K3e	Weather Information	e. Weather system formation, including air masses and fronts
PH.I.C.K3f	Weather Information	f. Clouds
PH.I.C.K3g	Weather Information	g. Turbulence
PH.I.C.K3h	Weather Information	h. Thunderstorms and microbursts
PH.I.C.K3i	Weather Information	i. Icing and freezing level information
PH.I.C.K3j	Weather Information	j. Fog/mist
PH.I.C.K3k	Weather Information	k. Frost
PH.I.C.K3l	Weather Information	l. Obstructions to visibility (e.g., smoke, haze, volcanic ash, etc.)
PH.I.C.K4	Weather Information	Flight deck instrument displays of digital weather and aeronautical information.
PH.I.C.R1	Weather Information	Making the go/no-go and continue/divert decisions, including:
PH.I.C.R1a	Weather Information	a. Circumstances that would make diversion prudent
PH.I.C.R1b	Weather Information	b. Personal weather minimums
PH.I.C.R1c	Weather Information	c. Hazardous weather conditions, including known or forecast icing or turbulence aloft
PH.I.C.R2	Weather Information	Use and limitations of:
PH.I.C.R2a	Weather Information	a. Installed onboard weather equipment
PH.I.C.R2b	Weather Information	b. Aviation weather reports and forecasts
PH.I.C.R2c	Weather Information	c. Inflight weather resources
PH.I.C.S1	Weather Information	Use available aviation weather resources to obtain an adequate weather briefing.
PH.I.C.S2	Weather Information	Analyze the implications of at least three of the conditions listed in K3a through K3l, using actual weather or weather conditions provided by the evaluator.
PH.I.C.S3	Weather Information	Correlate weather information to make a go/no-go decision.
PH.I.D.K1	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Route planning, including consideration of different classes and special use airspace (SUA) and selection of appropriate and available navigation/communication systems and facilities.
PH.I.D.K1a	Cross-Country Flight Planning	a. Use of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if used
PH.I.D.K2	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Altitude selection accounting for terrain and obstacles, autorotation requirements of the helicopter, VFR cruising altitudes, and the effect of wind.
PH.I.D.K3	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Calculating:
PH.I.D.K3a	Cross-Country Flight Planning	a. Time, climb and descent rates, course, distance, heading, true airspeed, and groundspeed
PH.I.D.K3b	Cross-Country Flight Planning	b. Estimated time of arrival, including conversion to universal coordinated time (UTC)
PH.I.D.K3c	Cross-Country Flight Planning	c. Fuel requirements, including reserve
PH.I.D.K4	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Elements of a VFR flight plan.
PH.I.D.K5	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Procedures for filing, activating, and closing a VFR flight plan.
PH.I.D.K6	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Inflight intercept procedures.
PH.I.D.R1	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Pilot.
PH.I.D.R2	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Aircraft.
PH.I.D.R3	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Environment (e.g., weather, airports, airspace, terrain, obstacles, including wire strike hazards).
PH.I.D.R4	Cross-Country Flight Planning	External pressures.
PH.I.D.R5	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Limitations of air traffic control (ATC) services.
PH.I.D.R6	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Fuel planning.
PH.I.D.R7	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Use of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if used.
PH.I.D.S1	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Prepare, present, and explain a cross-country flight plan assigned by the evaluator, including a risk analysis based on real-time weather, to the first fuel stop.
PH.I.D.S2	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Apply pertinent information from appropriate and current aeronautical charts, Chart Supplements; Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs) relative to airport/heliport/helipad/landing area, runway and taxiway closures; and other flight publications.
PH.I.D.S3	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Create a navigation plan and simulate filing a VFR flight plan.
PH.I.D.S4	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Recalculate fuel reserves based on a scenario provided by the evaluator.
PH.I.D.S5	Cross-Country Flight Planning	Use an electronic flight bag (EFB), if applicable.
PH.I.E.K1	National Airspace System	Airspace classes and associated requirements and limitations.
PH.I.E.K2	National Airspace System	Chart symbols.
PH.I.E.K3	National Airspace System	Special use airspace (SUA), special flight rules areas (SFRA), temporary flight restrictions (TFR), and other airspace areas.
PH.I.E.K4	National Airspace System	Special visual flight rules (VFR) requirements.
PH.I.E.R1	National Airspace System	Various classes and types of airspace.
PH.I.E.S1	National Airspace System	Identify and comply with the requirements for basic VFR weather minimums and flying in particular classes of airspace.
PH.I.E.S2	National Airspace System	Correctly identify airspace and operate in accordance with associated communication and equipment requirements.
PH.I.E.S3	National Airspace System	Identify the requirements for operating in SUA or within a TFR. Identify and comply with special air traffic rules (SATR) and SFRA operations, if applicable.
PH.I.F.K1	Performance and Limitations	Elements related to performance and limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data to determine performance.
PH.I.F.K2	Performance and Limitations	Factors affecting performance, including:
PH.I.F.K2a	Performance and Limitations	a. Atmospheric conditions
PH.I.F.K2b	Performance and Limitations	b. Pilot technique
PH.I.F.K2c	Performance and Limitations	c. Helicopter configuration
PH.I.F.K2d	Performance and Limitations	d. Airport, heliport, helipad, or unprepared surface environment
PH.I.F.K3	Performance and Limitations	Loading and weight and balance.
PH.I.F.K4	Performance and Limitations	Aerodynamics.
PH.I.F.K5	Performance and Limitations	Height/Velocity (H/V) diagram according to the Rotorcraft Flight Manual (RFM).
PH.I.F.R1	Performance and Limitations	Use of performance charts, tables, and data.
PH.I.F.R2	Performance and Limitations	Helicopter limitations.
PH.I.F.R3	Performance and Limitations	Possible differences between calculated performance and actual performance.
PH.I.F.R4	Performance and Limitations	Exceeding weight limits.
PH.I.F.R5	Performance and Limitations	Operating outside of CG limits.
PH.I.F.R6	Performance and Limitations	Shifting, adding, and removing weight.
PH.I.F.R7	Performance and Limitations	Retreating blade stall.
PH.I.F.R8	Performance and Limitations	Situations that lead to loss of tail rotor/antitorque effectiveness (LTE).
PH.I.F.S1	Performance and Limitations	Compute the weight and balance, correct out-of-center of gravity loading errors and determine if the weight and balance remains within limits during all phases of flight.
PH.I.F.S2	Performance and Limitations	Use appropriate helicopter performance charts, tables, and data.
PH.I.G.K1	Operation of Systems	Helicopter systems, including:
PH.I.G.K1a	Operation of Systems	a. Flight controls, trim, and if installed, stability control
PH.I.G.K1b	Operation of Systems	b. Powerplant(s)
PH.I.G.K1c	Operation of Systems	c. Main rotor and antitorque systems
PH.I.G.K1d	Operation of Systems	d. Transmission and associated drive shafts
PH.I.G.K1e	Operation of Systems	e. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic
PH.I.G.K1f	Operation of Systems	f. Avionics
PH.I.G.K1g	Operation of Systems	g. Landing gear, brakes, steering, skids, or floats, as applicable
PH.I.G.K1h	Operation of Systems	h. Electrical
PH.I.G.K1i	Operation of Systems	i. Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments
PH.I.G.K1j	Operation of Systems	j. Environmental
PH.I.G.K1k	Operation of Systems	k. Anti-icing and deicing, including carburetor heat, if applicable
PH.I.G.K2	Operation of Systems	Indications of and procedures for managing system abnormalities or failures.
PH.I.G.R1	Operation of Systems	Detection of system malfunctions or failures.
PH.I.G.R2	Operation of Systems	Management of a system failure.
PH.I.G.R3	Operation of Systems	Monitoring and management of automated systems.
PH.I.G.S1	Operation of Systems	Operate at least three of the helicopter's systems listed in K1a through K1k.
PH.I.G.S2	Operation of Systems	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.I.H.K1	Human Factors	Symptoms, recognition, causes, effects, and corrective actions associated with aeromedical and physiological issues, including:
PH.I.H.K1a	Human Factors	a. Hypoxia
PH.I.H.K1b	Human Factors	b. Hyperventilation
PH.I.H.K1c	Human Factors	c. Middle ear and sinus problems
PH.I.H.K1d	Human Factors	d. Spatial disorientation
PH.I.H.K1e	Human Factors	e. Motion sickness
PH.I.H.K1f	Human Factors	f. Carbon monoxide poisoning
PH.I.H.K1g	Human Factors	g. Stress
PH.I.H.K1h	Human Factors	h. Fatigue
PH.I.H.K1i	Human Factors	i. Dehydration and nutrition
PH.I.H.K1j	Human Factors	j. Hypothermia
PH.I.H.K1k	Human Factors	k. Optical illusions
PH.I.H.K1l	Human Factors	l. Dissolved nitrogen in the bloodstream after scuba dives
PH.I.H.K2	Human Factors	Regulations regarding use of alcohol and drugs.
PH.I.H.K3	Human Factors	Effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications.
PH.I.H.K4	Human Factors	Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) to include using Crew Resource Management (CRM) or Single- Pilot Resource Management (SRM), as appropriate.
PH.I.H.R1	Human Factors	Aeromedical and physiological issues.
PH.I.H.R2	Human Factors	Hazardous attitudes.
PH.I.H.R3	Human Factors	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.I.H.R4	Human Factors	Confirmation and expectation bias.
PH.I.H.S1	Human Factors	Associate the symptoms and effects for at least three of the conditions listed in K1a through K1l with the cause(s) and corrective action(s).
PH.I.H.S2	Human Factors	Perform self-assessment, including fitness for flight and personal minimums, for actual flight or a scenario given by the evaluator.
PH.II.A.K1	Preflight Assessment	Pilot self-assessment.
PH.II.A.K2	Preflight Assessment	Determining that the helicopter to be used is in an airworthy condition.
PH.II.A.K3	Preflight Assessment	Helicopter preflight inspection, including:
PH.II.A.K3a	Preflight Assessment	a. Which items should be inspected
PH.II.A.K3b	Preflight Assessment	b. The reasons for checking each item
PH.II.A.K3c	Preflight Assessment	c. How to detect possible defects
PH.II.A.K3d	Preflight Assessment	d. The associated regulations
PH.II.A.K4	Preflight Assessment	Environmental factors, including weather, terrain, route selection, and obstructions.
PH.II.A.R1	Preflight Assessment	Pilot.
PH.II.A.R2	Preflight Assessment	Aircraft.
PH.II.A.R3	Preflight Assessment	Environment (e.g., weather, icing, airports/heliports/helipads/landing areas, airspace, terrain, obstacles).
PH.II.A.R4	Preflight Assessment	External pressures.
PH.II.A.R5	Preflight Assessment	Aviation security concerns.
PH.II.A.S1	Preflight Assessment	Inspect the helicopter with reference to an appropriate checklist.
PH.II.A.S2	Preflight Assessment	Verify the helicopter is in condition for safe flight and conforms to its type design.
PH.II.A.S3	Preflight Assessment	Perform self-assessment.
PH.II.A.S4	Preflight Assessment	Continue to assess the environment for safe flight.
PH.II.B.K1	Flight Deck Management	Passenger briefing requirements, including operation and required use of safety restraint systems.
PH.II.B.K2	Flight Deck Management	Use of appropriate checklists.
PH.II.B.K3	Flight Deck Management	Requirements for current and appropriate navigation data.
PH.II.B.K4	Flight Deck Management	Securing items and cargo.
PH.II.B.R1	Flight Deck Management	Use of systems or equipment, including automation and portable electronic devices.
PH.II.B.R2	Flight Deck Management	Inoperative equipment.
PH.II.B.R3	Flight Deck Management	Passenger distractions.
PH.II.B.S1	Flight Deck Management	Secure all items in the aircraft.
PH.II.B.S2	Flight Deck Management	Conduct an appropriate passenger briefing, including identifying the pilot-in-command (PIC), use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, doors, passenger conduct, rotor blade avoidance, and emergency procedures.
PH.II.B.S3	Flight Deck Management	Properly program and manage helicopter automation, as applicable.
PH.II.B.S4	Flight Deck Management	Appropriately manage risks by utilizing ADM, including SRM/CRM.
PH.II.C.K1	Powerplant Starting and Rotor Engagement	Starting under various conditions.
PH.II.C.K2	Powerplant Starting and Rotor Engagement	Starting procedures, including the use of external power if applicable.
PH.II.C.K3	Powerplant Starting and Rotor Engagement	Limitations associated with starting.
PH.II.C.K4	Powerplant Starting and Rotor Engagement	Conditions leading to and procedures for an aborted start.
PH.II.C.R1	Powerplant Starting and Rotor Engagement	Rotor engagement, if applicable.
PH.II.C.R2	Powerplant Starting and Rotor Engagement	Use of external power unit.
PH.II.C.R3	Powerplant Starting and Rotor Engagement	Limitations during starting.
PH.II.C.S1	Powerplant Starting and Rotor Engagement	Position the helicopter properly considering structures, surface conditions, other aircraft, wind, and the safety of nearby persons and property.
PH.II.C.S2	Powerplant Starting and Rotor Engagement	Use flight control frictions, if required.
PH.II.C.S3	Powerplant Starting and Rotor Engagement	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.II.C.S4	Powerplant Starting and Rotor Engagement	Engage and manage the rotor system, as appropriate.
PH.II.D.K1	Before Takeoff Check	Purpose of before takeoff checklist items, including:
PH.II.D.K1a	Before Takeoff Check	a. Reasons for checking each item
PH.II.D.K1b	Before Takeoff Check	b. Detecting malfunctions
PH.II.D.K1c	Before Takeoff Check	c. Configuring the helicopter as recommended by the manufacturer
PH.II.D.R1	Before Takeoff Check	Division of attention while conducting before takeoff checks.
PH.II.D.R2	Before Takeoff Check	Unexpected or unclear clearances from ATC.
PH.II.D.S1	Before Takeoff Check	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.II.D.S2	Before Takeoff Check	Review takeoff performance and emergency procedures.
PH.II.D.S3	Before Takeoff Check	Verify that the powerplant temperature(s) and pressure(s) are suitable for takeoff.
PH.II.D.S4	Before Takeoff Check	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.II.D.S5	Before Takeoff Check	Divide attention inside and outside the helicopter.
PH.III.A.K1	Runway/Taxiway/Heliport/Helipad Signs, Markings, and Lighting	Airport runway, heliport, helipad, taxiway signs, markings, and lighting.
PH.III.A.K2	Runway/Taxiway/Heliport/Helipad Signs, Markings, and Lighting	Airport movement area.
PH.III.A.R1	Runway/Taxiway/Heliport/Helipad Signs, Markings, and Lighting	Interpretation of signs, markings, or lighting.
PH.III.A.R2	Runway/Taxiway/Heliport/Helipad Signs, Markings, and Lighting	Landing site dimensions and limitations.
PH.III.A.R3	Runway/Taxiway/Heliport/Helipad Signs, Markings, and Lighting	Conflict with aircraft, vehicles, and persons.
PH.III.A.R4	Runway/Taxiway/Heliport/Helipad Signs, Markings, and Lighting	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.III.A.R5	Runway/Taxiway/Heliport/Helipad Signs, Markings, and Lighting	Runway incursion.
PH.III.A.S1	Runway/Taxiway/Heliport/Helipad Signs, Markings, and Lighting	Comply with airport/heliport/helipad signs, markings, and lighting encountered, as applicable to the helicopter provided for the practical test.
PH.III.B.K1	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	How to obtain appropriate radio frequencies.
PH.III.B.K2	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Proper radio communication procedures and air traffic control (ATC) phraseology.
PH.III.B.K3	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	ATC light signal recognition.
PH.III.B.K4	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Appropriate use of transponder(s).
PH.III.B.K5	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Lost communication procedures.
PH.III.B.K6	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Equipment issues that could cause loss of communication.
PH.III.B.K7	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Radar assistance.
PH.III.B.K8	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) accident/incident reporting.
PH.III.B.K9	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Runway Status Lighting Systems.
PH.III.B.R1	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Communication.
PH.III.B.R2	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Deciding if and when to declare an emergency.
PH.III.B.R3	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Use of non-standard phraseology.
PH.III.B.S1	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Select and activate appropriate frequencies.
PH.III.B.S2	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Transmit using standard phraseology and procedures as specified in the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) and Pilot/Controller Glossary.
PH.III.B.S3	Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems	Acknowledge radio communications and comply with ATC instructions or as directed by the evaluator.
PH.III.C.K1	Traffic Patterns	Towered and nontowered airport/heliport/helipad/landing area operations and restrictions.
PH.III.C.K2	Traffic Patterns	Traffic pattern for the current conditions.
PH.III.C.K3	Traffic Patterns	Right-of-way rules.
PH.III.C.K4	Traffic Patterns	Use of automated weather and airport/heliport information.
PH.III.C.R1	Traffic Patterns	Collision hazards.
PH.III.C.R2	Traffic Patterns	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.III.C.R3	Traffic Patterns	Windshear and wake turbulence.
PH.III.C.S1	Traffic Patterns	Identify and interpret airport/heliport/helipad/landing area runways, taxiways, markings, signs, and lighting.
PH.III.C.S2	Traffic Patterns	Comply with recommended helicopter traffic pattern procedures, as appropriate.
PH.III.C.S3	Traffic Patterns	Correct for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track.
PH.III.C.S4	Traffic Patterns	Maintain orientation with the runway/landing area in use, as applicable.
PH.III.C.S5	Traffic Patterns	Maintain traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet, and the appropriate airspeed, ±10 knots.
PH.III.C.S6	Traffic Patterns	Maintain situational awareness and proper spacing from other traffic or avoid the flow of fixed-wing traffic, as appropriate.
PH.IV.A.K1	Vertical Takeoff and Landing	Elements related to a vertical takeoff to a hover and landing from a hover.
PH.IV.A.K2	Vertical Takeoff and Landing	Effect of wind on flight control inputs.
PH.IV.A.K3	Vertical Takeoff and Landing	Effect of weight and balance and various centers of gravity.
PH.IV.A.K4	Vertical Takeoff and Landing	Ground effect.
PH.IV.A.R1	Vertical Takeoff and Landing	Loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE).
PH.IV.A.R2	Vertical Takeoff and Landing	Dynamic rollover.
PH.IV.A.R3	Vertical Takeoff and Landing	Ground resonance.
PH.IV.A.R4	Vertical Takeoff and Landing	Powerplant failure during hover.
PH.IV.A.S1	Vertical Takeoff and Landing	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.IV.A.S2	Vertical Takeoff and Landing	Comply with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions and make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.IV.A.S3	Vertical Takeoff and Landing	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.IV.A.S4	Vertical Takeoff and Landing	Ascend to and maintain recommended hovering altitude, and descend from recommended hovering altitude in headwind, crosswind, and tailwind conditions, without drift.
PH.IV.A.S5	Vertical Takeoff and Landing	Maintain recommended hovering altitude, ±1/2 of that altitude within 10 feet of the surface, if above 10 feet, ±5 feet.
PH.IV.A.S6	Vertical Takeoff and Landing	Maintain position within 4 feet of a designated point with no aft movement.
PH.IV.A.S7	Vertical Takeoff and Landing	Descend vertically to within 4 feet of the designated touchdown point.
PH.IV.A.S8	Vertical Takeoff and Landing	Maintain specified heading, ± 10°.
PH.IV.B.K1	Hover Taxi	Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).
PH.IV.B.K2	Hover Taxi	Hover taxi instructions, clearances, and limitations.
PH.IV.B.K3	Hover Taxi	Airport/heliport/helipad/landing area, signs, markings, and lighting.
PH.IV.B.K4	Hover Taxi	Visual indicators for wind.
PH.IV.B.K5	Hover Taxi	Aircraft lighting, as appropriate.
PH.IV.B.K6	Hover Taxi	Procedures for:
PH.IV.B.K6a	Hover Taxi	a. Pilot activities during taxiing
PH.IV.B.K6b	Hover Taxi	b. Safe hover taxi at towered and non-towered airports/heliports/helipads/landing areas
PH.IV.B.K6c	Hover Taxi	c. Entering or crossing runways
PH.IV.B.K7	Hover Taxi	Height/Velocity (H/V) considerations.
PH.IV.B.K8	Hover Taxi	Aircraft operating limitations.
PH.IV.B.R1	Hover Taxi	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.IV.B.R2	Hover Taxi	Reduced visibility or night taxi operations.
PH.IV.B.R3	Hover Taxi	Runway incursion.
PH.IV.B.R4	Hover Taxi	Other aircraft, vehicles, persons, and hazards.
PH.IV.B.R5	Hover Taxi	Hazardous effects of downwash.
PH.IV.B.R6	Hover Taxi	Main rotor, tail rotor, and tail strike hazards.
PH.IV.B.R7	Hover Taxi	Height/Velocity (H/V) considerations.
PH.IV.B.R8	Hover Taxi	Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
PH.IV.B.S1	Hover Taxi	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.IV.B.S2	Hover Taxi	Receive and correctly read back clearances/instructions, if applicable.
PH.IV.B.S3	Hover Taxi	Use an airport diagram or taxi chart during taxi, if published, and maintain situational awareness.
PH.IV.B.S4	Hover Taxi	Comply with airport/heliport taxiway markings, signals, and signs.
PH.IV.B.S5	Hover Taxi	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.IV.B.S6	Hover Taxi	Maintain a straight ground track within ±4 feet of a designated ground track.
PH.IV.B.S7	Hover Taxi	Maintain recommended hovering altitude, ±1/2 of that altitude within 10 feet of the surface, if above 10 feet, ±5 feet.
PH.IV.B.S8	Hover Taxi	Hover taxi over specified ground references, demonstrating forward, sideward, and rearward hovering and hovering turns.
PH.IV.B.S9	Hover Taxi	Maintain a constant rate of turn at pivot points.
PH.IV.B.S10	Hover Taxi	Maintain a position within 4 feet of each pivot point during turns.
PH.IV.B.S11	Hover Taxi	Make a 360° pivoting turn, left and right, stopping within 10° of a specified heading.
PH.IV.B.S12	Hover Taxi	Make smooth, timely, and correct control application during the maneuver.
PH.IV.C.K1	Air Taxi	Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).
PH.IV.C.K2	Air Taxi	Air taxi instructions, clearances, and limitations.
PH.IV.C.K3	Air Taxi	Airport/heliport/helipad/landing area, signs, markings, and lighting.
PH.IV.C.K4	Air Taxi	Visual indicators for wind.
PH.IV.C.K5	Air Taxi	Aircraft lighting, as appropriate.
PH.IV.C.K6	Air Taxi	Procedures for:
PH.IV.C.K6a	Air Taxi	a. Pilot activities during taxiing
PH.IV.C.K6b	Air Taxi	b. Safe air taxi at towered and nontowered airports
PH.IV.C.K6c	Air Taxi	c. Overflying of runways
PH.IV.C.K7	Air Taxi	Height/Velocity (H/V) considerations.
PH.IV.C.R1	Air Taxi	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.IV.C.R2	Air Taxi	Reduced visibility or night taxi operations.
PH.IV.C.R3	Air Taxi	Runway incursion.
PH.IV.C.R4	Air Taxi	Main rotor, tail rotor, and tail strike hazards.
PH.IV.C.R5	Air Taxi	H/V diagram performance in case of powerplant failure.
PH.IV.C.R6	Air Taxi	Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
PH.IV.C.S1	Air Taxi	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.IV.C.S2	Air Taxi	Use an airport diagram or taxi chart during taxi, if published, and maintain situational awareness.
PH.IV.C.S3	Air Taxi	Select a safe airspeed and altitude.
PH.IV.C.S4	Air Taxi	Maintain desired track and groundspeed in headwind and crosswind conditions, avoiding conditions that might lead to loss of tail rotor/antitorque effectiveness.
PH.IV.C.S5	Air Taxi	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.IV.C.S6	Air Taxi	Comply with airport/heliport/helipad/landing area markings, lights, signs, and ATC instructions.
PH.IV.C.S7	Air Taxi	Maintain specified altitude, ±10 feet.
PH.IV.D.K1	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).
PH.IV.D.K2	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Taxi instructions/clearances.
PH.IV.D.K3	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Airport/heliport/helipad/landing area, signs, markings, and lighting.
PH.IV.D.K4	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Visual indicators for wind.
PH.IV.D.K5	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Aircraft lighting, as appropriate.
PH.IV.D.K6	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Procedures for:
PH.IV.D.K6a	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	a. Appropriate flight deck activities prior to taxi, including route planning and identifying the location of Hot Spots
PH.IV.D.K6b	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	b. Safe taxi at towered and nontowered airports
PH.IV.D.K6c	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	c. Entering or crossing runways
PH.IV.D.R1	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Activities and distractions.
PH.IV.D.R2	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
PH.IV.D.R3	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Runway incursion.
PH.IV.D.R4	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Speed during taxi and turns.
PH.IV.D.R5	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Appropriate thrust vector and brake use.
PH.IV.D.R6	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Airframe and rotor clearances during taxi.
PH.IV.D.S1	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.IV.D.S2	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Use an appropriate airport/heliport diagram or taxi chart, if published.
PH.IV.D.S3	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Properly position nosewheel/tailwheel, if applicable, locked or unlocked.
PH.IV.D.S4	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Position the flight controls properly for the existing wind conditions, with the landing gear in contact with the surface, avoiding conditions that might lead to loss of directional control.
PH.IV.D.S5	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Properly use cyclic, collective, and brakes as applicable to control speed while taxiing.
PH.IV.D.S6	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.IV.D.S7	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Maintain specified track within 4 feet.
PH.IV.D.S8	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Position the helicopter relative to hold lines or a specified point.
PH.IV.D.S9	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Receive and comply with ATC clearances/instructions, if applicable.
PH.IV.D.S10	Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear	Comply with airport/heliport taxiway markings, lights, and signals.
PH.IV.E.K1	Slope Operations	Elements related to slope operations.
PH.IV.E.K2	Slope Operations	Factors used for selecting an appropriate slope.
PH.IV.E.K3	Slope Operations	Effect of wind on slope operations.
PH.IV.E.K4	Slope Operations	Dynamic rollover considerations during slope operations and preventive/recovery techniques.
PH.IV.E.K5	Slope Operations	Helicopter slope limitations.
PH.IV.E.R1	Slope Operations	Operations on a slope.
PH.IV.E.R2	Slope Operations	Conditions leading to loss of tail rotor/antitorque effectiveness.
PH.IV.E.R3	Slope Operations	Embarking or disembarking passengers and rotor blade hazards.
PH.IV.E.R4	Slope Operations	Conditions leading to dynamic rollover.
PH.IV.E.R5	Slope Operations	Surface conditions.
PH.IV.E.R6	Slope Operations	Collision hazards.
PH.IV.E.R7	Slope Operations	Exceeding the manufacturer's slope limitations.
PH.IV.E.S1	Slope Operations	Select a suitable slope.
PH.IV.E.S2	Slope Operations	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.IV.E.S3	Slope Operations	Properly approach the slope considering wind effect and obstacles.
PH.IV.E.S4	Slope Operations	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.IV.E.S5	Slope Operations	Maintain heading and ground position and prevent movement of aircraft on slope.
PH.IV.E.S6	Slope Operations	Make a smooth positive descent to touch the upslope skid or wheel(s) on the sloping surface.
PH.IV.E.S7	Slope Operations	Recognize if slope is too steep and abandon the operation prior to reaching cyclic control stops.
PH.IV.E.S8	Slope Operations	Maintain positive control while lowering the downslope skid or wheel to touchdown.
PH.IV.E.S9	Slope Operations	Neutralize controls after landing.
PH.IV.E.S10	Slope Operations	Make a smooth transition from the slope to a stabilized hover parallel to the slope.
PH.IV.E.S11	Slope Operations	Properly move away from the slope.
PH.IV.E.S12	Slope Operations	Maintain a specified heading throughout the operation, ±10°.
PH.V.A.K1	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.
PH.V.A.K2	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Factors affecting the profile of the height/velocity (H/V) diagram.
PH.V.A.R1	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Selection of takeoff path based on helicopter performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
PH.V.A.R2	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Effects of:
PH.V.A.R2a	Normal Takeoff and Climb	a. Crosswind
PH.V.A.R2b	Normal Takeoff and Climb	b. Windshear
PH.V.A.R2c	Normal Takeoff and Climb	c. Tailwind
PH.V.A.R2d	Normal Takeoff and Climb	d. Turbulence, including wake turbulence
PH.V.A.R2e	Normal Takeoff and Climb	e. Runway/departure point surface/condition
PH.V.A.R3	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Abnormal operations, including planning for:
PH.V.A.R3a	Normal Takeoff and Climb	a. Rejected takeoff
PH.V.A.R3b	Normal Takeoff and Climb	b. Powerplant failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
PH.V.A.R4	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Collision hazards.
PH.V.A.R5	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.A.R6	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Runway incursion.
PH.V.A.S1	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.V.A.S2	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.V.A.S3	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Verify assigned/correct runway, if at an airport.
PH.V.A.S4	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
PH.V.A.S5	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Clear the area, taxi into the takeoff position, and align the helicopter on the runway centerline or with takeoff path.
PH.V.A.S6	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Establish a stationary position on the surface or a stabilized hover prior to takeoff in headwind and crosswind conditions.
PH.V.A.S7	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Confirm takeoff power and instrument indications prior to forward movement.
PH.V.A.S8	Normal Takeoff and Climb	After clearing all obstacles, transition to normal climb attitude, airspeed, ±10 knots, and power setting.
PH.V.A.S9	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.V.A.S10	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, as needed.
PH.V.A.S11	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Comply with noise abatement procedures, as applicable.
PH.V.A.S12	Normal Takeoff and Climb	Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
PH.V.B.K1	Normal and Crosswind Approach	Effects of wind, weight, altitude, and temperature on performance.
PH.V.B.K2	Normal and Crosswind Approach	Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
PH.V.B.K3	Normal and Crosswind Approach	Landing surface, obstructions, and selection of a suitable touchdown point.
PH.V.B.K4	Normal and Crosswind Approach	Factors affecting the profile of the height/velocity (H/V) diagram.
PH.V.B.R1	Normal and Crosswind Approach	Selection of approach path and landing based on aircraft performance and limitations, and wind.
PH.V.B.R2	Normal and Crosswind Approach	Effects of:
PH.V.B.R2a	Normal and Crosswind Approach	a. Crosswind
PH.V.B.R2b	Normal and Crosswind Approach	b. Windshear
PH.V.B.R2c	Normal and Crosswind Approach	c. Tailwind
PH.V.B.R2d	Normal and Crosswind Approach	d. Turbulence, including wake turbulence
PH.V.B.R2e	Normal and Crosswind Approach	e. Vortex ring state (VRS)
PH.V.B.R2f	Normal and Crosswind Approach	f. Touchdown surface and condition
PH.V.B.R3	Normal and Crosswind Approach	Go-around/rejected landing.
PH.V.B.R4	Normal and Crosswind Approach	Collision hazards.
PH.V.B.R5	Normal and Crosswind Approach	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.B.R6	Normal and Crosswind Approach	Loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE).
PH.V.B.S1	Normal and Crosswind Approach	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.V.B.S2	Normal and Crosswind Approach	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.V.B.S3	Normal and Crosswind Approach	Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
PH.V.B.S4	Normal and Crosswind Approach	Align the helicopter with the correct/assigned runway or touchdown point.
PH.V.B.S5	Normal and Crosswind Approach	Scan the landing area/touchdown point and adjoining area for traffic and obstructions.
PH.V.B.S6	Normal and Crosswind Approach	Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.
PH.V.B.S7	Normal and Crosswind Approach	Establish and maintain a normal approach angle and rate of closure.
PH.V.B.S8	Normal and Crosswind Approach	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.V.B.S9	Normal and Crosswind Approach	Arrive at the termination point, on the surface or at a stabilized hover, ±4 feet.
PH.V.B.S10	Normal and Crosswind Approach	Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
PH.V.C.K1	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	Situations where this maneuver is appropriate.
PH.V.C.K2	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind and temperature, on takeoff and climb performance.
PH.V.C.K3	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	Factors affecting the profile of the height/velocity (H/V) diagram.
PH.V.C.R1	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	Selection of takeoff path based on helicopter performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
PH.V.C.R2	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	Effects of:
PH.V.C.R2a	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	a. Crosswind
PH.V.C.R2b	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	b. Windshear
PH.V.C.R2c	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	c. Tailwind
PH.V.C.R2d	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	d. Turbulence, including wake turbulence
PH.V.C.R2e	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	e. Surface conditions
PH.V.C.R3	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	Abnormal operations including:
PH.V.C.R3a	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	a. Rejected takeoff
PH.V.C.R3b	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	b. Powerplant failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
PH.V.C.R4	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	Collision hazards.
PH.V.C.R5	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	Low rotor rpm.
PH.V.C.R6	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.C.S1	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.V.C.S2	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.V.C.S3	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	Use control inputs to initiate lift-off from the takeoff position using a forward climb attitude to fly the departure profile.
PH.V.C.S4	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	Maintain powerplant and rotor rpm within normal limits.
PH.V.C.S5	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	Use required takeoff power, or power as specified by the evaluator.
PH.V.C.S6	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	After clearing all obstacles, transition to normal climb attitude, airspeed, ±5 knots, and power setting.
PH.V.C.S7	Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb	Maintain directional control, ground track, and proper wind-drift correction throughout the maneuver.
PH.V.D.K1	Steep Approach	A stabilized steep approach.
PH.V.D.K2	Steep Approach	Approach techniques and applicability.
PH.V.D.K3	Steep Approach	Performance data and the height velocity (H/V) diagram.
PH.V.D.K4	Steep Approach	Effects of atmospheric conditions on approach and landing performance.
PH.V.D.K5	Steep Approach	Wind correction techniques.
PH.V.D.K6	Steep Approach	Aircraft performance and limitations.
PH.V.D.R1	Steep Approach	Selection of approach path and landing based on aircraft performance and limitations, and wind.
PH.V.D.R2	Steep Approach	Effects of:
PH.V.D.R2a	Steep Approach	a. Wind Direction
PH.V.D.R2b	Steep Approach	b. Windshear
PH.V.D.R2c	Steep Approach	c. Turbulence, including wake turbulence
PH.V.D.R3	Steep Approach	Planning for.
PH.V.D.R3a	Steep Approach	a. Rejected landing and go-around
PH.V.D.R3b	Steep Approach	b. Powerplant failure during the approach
PH.V.D.R4	Steep Approach	Collision hazards.
PH.V.D.R5	Steep Approach	Vortex ring state (VRS).
PH.V.D.R6	Steep Approach	Landing surface.
PH.V.D.R7	Steep Approach	Aircraft limitations.
PH.V.D.R8	Steep Approach	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.D.R9	Steep Approach	Loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE).
PH.V.D.R10	Steep Approach	Degraded Visual Environment (DVE) and flat light conditions.
PH.V.D.S1	Steep Approach	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.V.D.S2	Steep Approach	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.V.D.S3	Steep Approach	Consider the wind direction and conditions, landing surface, and obstacles.
PH.V.D.S4	Steep Approach	Select a suitable termination point.
PH.V.D.S5	Steep Approach	Establish and maintain a steep approach angle, (15° maximum) and proper rate of closure.
PH.V.D.S6	Steep Approach	Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.
PH.V.D.S7	Steep Approach	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.V.D.S8	Steep Approach	Arrive at the termination point, on the surface or at a stabilized hover, ±4 feet.
PH.V.D.S9	Steep Approach	Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
PH.V.E.K1	Go-Around	Situations and considerations on approach that could require a go-around.
PH.V.E.K2	Go-Around	Effects of atmospheric conditions on a go-around.
PH.V.E.K3	Go-Around	Go-around procedures and the importance of a timely decision.
PH.V.E.R1	Go-Around	Recognition of the need for a go-around.
PH.V.E.R2	Go-Around	Application of power and flight control inputs.
PH.V.E.R3	Go-Around	Collision hazards.
PH.V.E.R4	Go-Around	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.E.R5	Go-Around	Runway incursion.
PH.V.E.S1	Go-Around	Make a timely decision to discontinue the approach or at the direction of the evaluator.
PH.V.E.S2	Go-Around	Maintain powerplant and rotor rpm within normal limits while applying proper control input to stop descent and initiate climb.
PH.V.E.S3	Go-Around	Transition to a positive rate of climb and appropriate airspeed of ±10 knots.
PH.V.E.S4	Go-Around	Maintain directional control, ground track, and proper wind-drift correction throughout the maneuver.
PH.V.E.S5	Go-Around	Notify/coordinate with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions as required.
PH.V.E.S6	Go-Around	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.V.E.S7	Go-Around	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PH.V.E.S8	Go-Around	Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
PH.V.F.K1	Confined Area Operations	Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
PH.V.F.K2	Confined Area Operations	Situations when a confined area approach and landing is recommended and factors related to landing performance including H/V diagram information.
PH.V.F.K3	Confined Area Operations	High and low reconnaissance, including takeoff and departure planning.
PH.V.F.K4	Confined Area Operations	Power requirements versus power available for the departure or arrival profile(s).
PH.V.F.R1	Confined Area Operations	Selection of approach path, termination point and departure path based on aircraft performance and limitations, wind, and availability of alternate sites.
PH.V.F.R2	Confined Area Operations	Effects of:
PH.V.F.R2a	Confined Area Operations	a. Wind Direction
PH.V.F.R2b	Confined Area Operations	b. Windshear
PH.V.F.R2c	Confined Area Operations	c. Turbulence
PH.V.F.R3	Confined Area Operations	H/V diagram information.
PH.V.F.R4	Confined Area Operations	Go-around.
PH.V.F.R5	Confined Area Operations	Forced landing during the maneuver.
PH.V.F.R6	Confined Area Operations	Landing surface.
PH.V.F.R7	Confined Area Operations	Dynamic rollover.
PH.V.F.R8	Confined Area Operations	Ground resonance.
PH.V.F.R9	Confined Area Operations	Low rotor rpm.
PH.V.F.R10	Confined Area Operations	Loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE).
PH.V.F.R11	Confined Area Operations	Collision hazards.
PH.V.F.R12	Confined Area Operations	Vortex ring state (VRS).
PH.V.F.R13	Confined Area Operations	Aircraft limitations.
PH.V.F.R14	Confined Area Operations	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.F.R15	Confined Area Operations	Power requirements versus power available for the departure or arrival profile(s).
PH.V.F.S1	Confined Area Operations	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.V.F.S2	Confined Area Operations	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.V.F.S3	Confined Area Operations	Confirm power available meets or exceeds the power required for the selected arrival or departure profile(s).
PH.V.F.S4	Confined Area Operations	Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
PH.V.F.S5	Confined Area Operations	Accomplish a proper high and low reconnaissance of the confined landing area.
PH.V.F.S6	Confined Area Operations	Select a suitable approach path, termination point, and departure path.
PH.V.F.S7	Confined Area Operations	Track the selected approach path at an acceptable approach angle and rate of closure to the termination point.
PH.V.F.S8	Confined Area Operations	Continually evaluate the suitability of the confined landing area and termination point.
PH.V.F.S9	Confined Area Operations	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.V.F.S10	Confined Area Operations	Accomplish a proper ground reconnaissance.
PH.V.F.S11	Confined Area Operations	Terminate in a hover or on the surface, as appropriate.
PH.V.F.S12	Confined Area Operations	Select a suitable takeoff point, considers factors affecting takeoff and climb performance under various conditions.
PH.V.F.S13	Confined Area Operations	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PH.V.G.K1	Pinnacle Operations	Elements of pinnacle/platform operations.
PH.V.G.K2	Pinnacle Operations	Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
PH.V.G.K3	Pinnacle Operations	Suitable takeoff point and departure flight path during climb.
PH.V.G.K4	Pinnacle Operations	Situations when a pinnacle/platform approach, landing and takeoff is recommended and factors related to aircraft performance.
PH.V.G.K5	Pinnacle Operations	Elements of a high and low reconnaissance.
PH.V.G.R1	Pinnacle Operations	Selection of approach path, termination point and departure path based on aircraft performance and limitations, and wind.
PH.V.G.R2	Pinnacle Operations	Effects of:
PH.V.G.R2a	Pinnacle Operations	a. Wind Direction
PH.V.G.R2b	Pinnacle Operations	b. Windshear
PH.V.G.R2c	Pinnacle Operations	c. Turbulence
PH.V.G.R3	Pinnacle Operations	H/V diagram information.
PH.V.G.R4	Pinnacle Operations	Go-around.
PH.V.G.R5	Pinnacle Operations	Powerplant failure during approach/landing phase of flight.
PH.V.G.R6	Pinnacle Operations	Collision hazards.
PH.V.G.R7	Pinnacle Operations	Vortex ring state (VRS).
PH.V.G.R8	Pinnacle Operations	Landing surface.
PH.V.G.R9	Pinnacle Operations	Low rotor rpm.
PH.V.G.R10	Pinnacle Operations	Dynamic rollover.
PH.V.G.R11	Pinnacle Operations	Ground resonance.
PH.V.G.R12	Pinnacle Operations	Loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE).
PH.V.G.R13	Pinnacle Operations	Aircraft limitations.
PH.V.G.R14	Pinnacle Operations	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.G.R15	Pinnacle Operations	Main and tail rotor hazards for passengers.
PH.V.G.R16	Pinnacle Operations	Forced landing.
PH.V.G.S1	Pinnacle Operations	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.V.G.S2	Pinnacle Operations	Confirm power available meets or exceeds the power required for the selected arrival or departure profile(s).
PH.V.G.S3	Pinnacle Operations	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.V.G.S4	Pinnacle Operations	Accomplish high and low reconnaissance.
PH.V.G.S5	Pinnacle Operations	Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
PH.V.G.S6	Pinnacle Operations	Select a suitable approach path, termination point, and departure path.
PH.V.G.S7	Pinnacle Operations	Select an approach path considering wind direction.
PH.V.G.S8	Pinnacle Operations	Track the selected approach path at an acceptable approach angle and rate of closure to the termination point.
PH.V.G.S9	Pinnacle Operations	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.V.G.S10	Pinnacle Operations	Accomplish a proper ground reconnaissance.
PH.V.G.S11	Pinnacle Operations	Terminate in a hover or on the surface, as appropriate.
PH.V.G.S12	Pinnacle Operations	Select a suitable takeoff point and consider factors affecting takeoff and climb performance under various conditions.
PH.V.H.K1	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	Elements related to shallow approach and running/roll-on landing, including when to use the maneuver, aircraft limitations, and effect of landing surface texture.
PH.V.H.K2	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
PH.V.H.R1	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	Selection of approach path and landing based on aircraft performance and limitations, and wind.
PH.V.H.R2	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	Effects of:
PH.V.H.R2a	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	a. Wind Direction
PH.V.H.R2b	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	b. Windshear
PH.V.H.R2c	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	c. Turbulence, including wake turbulence
PH.V.H.R3	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	Planning for:
PH.V.H.R3a	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	a. Powerplant failure during approach/landing phase of flight
PH.V.H.R4	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	Collision hazards.
PH.V.H.R5	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	Landing surface.
PH.V.H.R6	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	Dynamic rollover.
PH.V.H.R7	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	Ground resonance.
PH.V.H.R8	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	Aircraft limitations.
PH.V.H.R9	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.H.S1	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.V.H.S2	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.V.H.S3	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.V.H.S4	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	Establish and maintain the recommended approach angle and proper rate of closure.
PH.V.H.S5	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	Determine wind direction and maintain ground track with crosswind correction.
PH.V.H.S6	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	Maintain effective translational lift during surface contact with landing gear parallel to the ground track.
PH.V.H.S7	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	Make smooth, timely, and correct control inputs after surface contact to maintain directional control.
PH.V.H.S8	Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing	Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
PH.V.I.K1	Rolling Takeoff	Elements of a rolling takeoff.
PH.V.I.K2	Rolling Takeoff	Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
PH.V.I.K3	Rolling Takeoff	Situations when a rolling takeoff is recommended and factors related to takeoff and climb performance.
PH.V.I.K4	Rolling Takeoff	Translational lift.
PH.V.I.R1	Rolling Takeoff	Selection of takeoff path based on helicopter performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
PH.V.I.R2	Rolling Takeoff	Effects of:
PH.V.I.R2a	Rolling Takeoff	a. Wind Direction
PH.V.I.R2b	Rolling Takeoff	b. Windshear
PH.V.I.R2c	Rolling Takeoff	c. Turbulence, including wake turbulence
PH.V.I.R3	Rolling Takeoff	Planning for:
PH.V.I.R3a	Rolling Takeoff	a. Height/Velocity (H/V) considerations
PH.V.I.R3b	Rolling Takeoff	b. Rejected takeoff
PH.V.I.R3c	Rolling Takeoff	c. Powerplant failure during takeoff/climb phase of flight
PH.V.I.R4	Rolling Takeoff	Collision hazards.
PH.V.I.R5	Rolling Takeoff	Takeoff surface.
PH.V.I.R6	Rolling Takeoff	Landing gear.
PH.V.I.R7	Rolling Takeoff	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.I.S1	Rolling Takeoff	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.V.I.S2	Rolling Takeoff	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.V.I.S3	Rolling Takeoff	Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
PH.V.I.S4	Rolling Takeoff	Verify assigned/correct takeoff path.
PH.V.I.S5	Rolling Takeoff	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.V.I.S6	Rolling Takeoff	Use control inputs that initiate the takeoff roll.
PH.V.I.S7	Rolling Takeoff	Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, while accelerating.
PH.V.I.S8	Rolling Takeoff	Transition to a normal climb airspeed, ±10 knots, and set appropriate power.
PH.V.I.S9	Rolling Takeoff	Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction after liftoff.
PH.V.I.S10	Rolling Takeoff	Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
PH.VI.A.K1	Rapid Deceleration/Quick Stop	Purpose of the maneuver.
PH.VI.A.K2	Rapid Deceleration/Quick Stop	Effects of atmospheric conditions on a rapid deceleration/quick stop.
PH.VI.A.K3	Rapid Deceleration/Quick Stop	Wind correction techniques during rapid deceleration/quick stop.
PH.VI.A.R1	Rapid Deceleration/Quick Stop	Recognition of the need for a rapid deceleration/quick stop.
PH.VI.A.R2	Rapid Deceleration/Quick Stop	Powerplant and rotor management.
PH.VI.A.R3	Rapid Deceleration/Quick Stop	Vortex ring state (VRS).
PH.VI.A.R4	Rapid Deceleration/Quick Stop	Collision hazards.
PH.VI.A.R5	Rapid Deceleration/Quick Stop	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VI.A.S1	Rapid Deceleration/Quick Stop	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.VI.A.S2	Rapid Deceleration/Quick Stop	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.VI.A.S3	Rapid Deceleration/Quick Stop	Coordinate all controls throughout the execution of the maneuver to terminate in a hover at an appropriate hover height.
PH.VI.A.S4	Rapid Deceleration/Quick Stop	Maintain an altitude that permits safe clearance between the tail boom and the surface.
PH.VI.A.S5	Rapid Deceleration/Quick Stop	Maintain heading throughout the maneuver, ±10°.
PH.VI.B.K1	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
PH.VI.B.K2	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Main rotor (Nr) speed.
PH.VI.B.K3	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Energy management.
PH.VI.B.K4	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Causes and effects of high descent rates.
PH.VI.B.K5	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Effect of varying bank angles, airspeeds, and rotor rpm.
PH.VI.B.R1	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Low entry altitudes.
PH.VI.B.R2	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Flight control inputs.
PH.VI.B.R3	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Turbulence, including wake turbulence.
PH.VI.B.R4	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Windshear.
PH.VI.B.R5	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Energy management.
PH.VI.B.R6	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Main rotor (Nr) speed.
PH.VI.B.R7	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Low rotor rpm or rotor stall.
PH.VI.B.R8	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Main rotor (Nr) overspeed.
PH.VI.B.R9	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Excessive rate of descent.
PH.VI.B.R10	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Powerplant failure during the maneuver.
PH.VI.B.R11	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Collision hazards.
PH.VI.B.R12	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Terminating an autorotation.
PH.VI.B.R13	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Power recovery and go-around.
PH.VI.B.R14	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VI.B.S1	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.VI.B.S2	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.VI.B.S3	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Select a suitable landing area.
PH.VI.B.S4	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Clear the area.
PH.VI.B.S5	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Select an appropriate entry altitude.
PH.VI.B.S6	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Initiate the maneuver at the proper point.
PH.VI.B.S7	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Establish power-off glide with the helicopter trimmed and autorotation airspeed, ±10 knots.
PH.VI.B.S8	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Maintain main rotor (Nr) within normal limits.
PH.VI.B.S9	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Compensate for wind speed and direction as necessary to avoid undershooting or overshooting the selected landing area.
PH.VI.B.S10	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Use proper deceleration and collective pitch application that permits safe clearance between the aircraft tail boom and the surface.
PH.VI.B.S11	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Initiate proper power recovery.
PH.VI.B.S12	Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Terminate autorotation to a stabilized hover within 200 feet of a designated point.
PH.VI.C.K1	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
PH.VI.C.K2	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Main rotor (Nr) speed.
PH.VI.C.K3	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Energy management.
PH.VI.C.K4	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Causes and effects of high descent rates.
PH.VI.C.K5	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Effect of varying bank angles, airspeeds, and rotor rpm.
PH.VI.C.R1	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Low entry altitudes.
PH.VI.C.R2	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Flight control inputs.
PH.VI.C.R3	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Turbulence, including wake turbulence.
PH.VI.C.R4	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Windshear.
PH.VI.C.R5	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Energy management.
PH.VI.C.R6	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Main rotor (Nr) speed.
PH.VI.C.R7	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Low rotor rpm or rotor stall.
PH.VI.C.R9	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Excessive rate of descent.
PH.VI.C.R10	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Powerplant failure during the maneuver.
PH.VI.C.R11	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Rolling out of the turn.
PH.VI.C.R12	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Collision hazards.
PH.VI.C.R13	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Terminating an autorotation.
PH.VI.C.R14	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Power recovery and go-around.
PH.VI.C.R15	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VI.C.S1	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.VI.C.S2	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.VI.C.S3	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Select a suitable landing area.
PH.VI.C.S4	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Clear the area.
PH.VI.C.S5	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Select an appropriate entry altitude.
PH.VI.C.S6	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Initiate the maneuver at the proper point.
PH.VI.C.S7	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Establish power-off glide with the helicopter trimmed and autorotation airspeed, ±10 knots.
PH.VI.C.S8	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Maintain main rotor (Nr) within normal limits.
PH.VI.C.S9	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Maneuver to avoid undershooting or overshooting the selected landing area.
PH.VI.C.S10	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Roll out no lower than 300 feet above ground level (AGL) along the flight path to the selected landing area.
PH.VI.C.S11	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Use proper deceleration and collective pitch application that permits safe clearance between the aircraft tail boom and the surface.
PH.VI.C.S12	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Initiate proper power recovery.
PH.VI.C.S13	Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Terminate autorotation to a stabilized hover within 200 feet of a designated point.
PH.VII.A.K1	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	Pilotage and dead reckoning.
PH.VII.A.K2	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	Magnetic compass errors.
PH.VII.A.K3	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	Topography.
PH.VII.A.K4	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	Selection of appropriate:
PH.VII.A.K4a	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	a. Route
PH.VII.A.K4b	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	b. Altitude(s)
PH.VII.A.K4c	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	c. Checkpoints
PH.VII.A.K5	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	Plotting a course, including:
PH.VII.A.K5a	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	a. Determining heading, speed, and course
PH.VII.A.K5b	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	b. Wind correction angle
PH.VII.A.K5c	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	c. Estimating time, speed, and distance
PH.VII.A.K5d	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	d. True airspeed and density altitude
PH.VII.A.K6	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	Power setting selection.
PH.VII.A.K7	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	Planned calculations versus actual results and required corrections.
PH.VII.A.R1	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	Collision hazards.
PH.VII.A.R2	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VII.A.R3	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	Unplanned fuel/power consumption, if applicable.
PH.VII.A.S1	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	Prepare and use a flight log.
PH.VII.A.S2	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	Navigate by pilotage.
PH.VII.A.S3	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	Navigate by means of pre-computed headings, groundspeeds, elapsed time, and reference to landmarks or checkpoints.
PH.VII.A.S4	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	Use the magnetic direction indicator in navigation, including turns to headings.
PH.VII.A.S5	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	Verify position within three nautical miles of the flight-planned route.
PH.VII.A.S6	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	Correct for and record the differences between preflight fuel, groundspeed, and heading calculations and those determined en route.
PH.VII.A.S7	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	Arrive at the en route checkpoints within five minutes of the initial or revised estimated time of arrival (ETA) and provide a destination estimate.
PH.VII.A.S8	Pilotage and Dead Reckoning	Maintain the selected altitude, ±200 feet and heading, ±15°.
PH.VII.B.K1	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Ground-based navigation (identification, orientation, course determination, equipment, tests, regulations, interference, appropriate use of navigation data, and signal integrity).
PH.VII.B.K2	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Satellite-based navigation (e.g., equipment, regulations, authorized use of databases, and Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)).
PH.VII.B.K3	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Radar assistance to visual flight rules (VFR) aircraft (e.g., operations, equipment, available services, traffic advisories).
PH.VII.B.K4	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Transponder (Mode(s) A, C, and S) and Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B).
PH.VII.B.R1	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.
PH.VII.B.R2	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VII.B.R3	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Limitations of the navigation system in use.
PH.VII.B.R4	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Loss of a navigation signal.
PH.VII.B.R5	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Use of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if used.
PH.VII.B.S1	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Use an airborne electronic navigation system.
PH.VII.B.S2	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Determine the aircraft's position using the navigation system.
PH.VII.B.S3	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Intercept and track a given course, radial, or bearing.
PH.VII.B.S4	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Recognize and describe the indication of station or waypoint passage.
PH.VII.B.S5	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Recognize loss of navigational signal and take appropriate action.
PH.VII.B.S6	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Use proper communication procedures when utilizing radar services.
PH.VII.B.S7	Navigation Systems and Radar Services	Maintain the selected altitude, ±200 feet and headings, ±15°.
PH.VII.C.K1	Diversion	Selecting an alternate destination.
PH.VII.C.K2	Diversion	Situations that require deviations from flight plan or air traffic control (ATC) instructions.
PH.VII.C.R1	Diversion	Collision hazards.
PH.VII.C.R2	Diversion	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VII.C.R3	Diversion	Circumstances that would make diversion prudent.
PH.VII.C.R4	Diversion	Selecting an airport/heliport/helipad, as applicable.
PH.VII.C.R5	Diversion	Using available resources (e.g., automation, ATC, and flight deck planning aids).
PH.VII.C.S1	Diversion	Select a suitable airport/heliport/helipad, as applicable, and route for diversion.
PH.VII.C.S2	Diversion	Make a reasonable estimate of heading, groundspeed, arrival time, and fuel required to the "divert to" destination.
PH.VII.C.S3	Diversion	Promptly divert toward the airport/heliport/helipad.
PH.VII.C.S4	Diversion	Maintain the selected altitude, ±200 feet and headings, ±15°.
PH.VII.C.S5	Diversion	Update/interpret weather in flight.
PH.VII.C.S6	Diversion	Use displays of digital weather and aeronautical information, as applicable to maintain situational awareness.
PH.VII.D.K1	Lost Procedures	Methods to determine position.
PH.VII.D.K2	Lost Procedures	Assistance available if lost (e.g., radar services, communication procedures).
PH.VII.D.K3	Lost Procedures	Rapidly deteriorating weather or impending fuel exhaustion.
PH.VII.D.R1	Lost Procedures	Collision hazards.
PH.VII.D.R2	Lost Procedures	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VII.D.R3	Lost Procedures	Recording times over waypoints.
PH.VII.D.R4	Lost Procedures	When to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.
PH.VII.D.S1	Lost Procedures	Select an appropriate course of action.
PH.VII.D.S2	Lost Procedures	Use an appropriate method to determine position.
PH.VII.D.S3	Lost Procedures	Maintain an appropriate heading and climb as necessary.
PH.VII.D.S4	Lost Procedures	Identify prominent landmarks.
PH.VII.D.S5	Lost Procedures	Use navigation systems/facilities or contact an ATC facility for assistance.
PH.VIII.A.K1	Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Elements related to powerplant failure in a hover, including energy management concepts.
PH.VIII.A.K2	Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
PH.VIII.A.K3	Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter	High and low inertia of rotor systems.
PH.VIII.A.K4	Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Aerodynamics associated with powerplant failure in a hover.
PH.VIII.A.K5	Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Proper orientation, division of attention, and proper planning.
PH.VIII.A.R1	Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Powerplant failure in a hover.
PH.VIII.A.R2	Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Flight control inputs.
PH.VIII.A.R3	Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Helicopter movement.
PH.VIII.A.R4	Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Dynamic rollover.
PH.VIII.A.R5	Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VIII.A.S1	Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.VIII.A.S2	Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.VIII.A.S3	Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Clear the area.
PH.VIII.A.S4	Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Select a suitable landing area.
PH.VIII.A.S5	Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Establish a stationary or forward hover into the wind.
PH.VIII.A.S6	Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Simulate powerplant failure.
PH.VIII.A.S7	Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Maintain a heading, ±10°, throughout the maneuver.
PH.VIII.A.S8	Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Touchdown with minimum sideward movement and no rearward movement.
PH.VIII.A.S9	Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Use appropriate flight control inputs to cushion the touchdown.
PH.VIII.A.S10	Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter	After touchdown, lower collective and neutralize flight controls.
PH.VIII.B.K1	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Elements of a powerplant failure at altitude.
PH.VIII.B.K2	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
PH.VIII.B.K3	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Main rotor (Nr) speed.
PH.VIII.B.K4	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Energy management.
PH.VIII.B.K5	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Causes and effects of high descent rates.
PH.VIII.B.K6	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Effect of varying bank angles, airspeeds, and rotor rpm.
PH.VIII.B.R1	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Low entry altitudes.
PH.VIII.B.R2	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Selection of landing area.
PH.VIII.B.R3	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Flight control inputs.
PH.VIII.B.R4	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Turbulence, including wake turbulence.
PH.VIII.B.R5	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Low rotor rpm or rotor stall.
PH.VIII.B.R6	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Windshear.
PH.VIII.B.R7	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Powerplant failure during the maneuver.
PH.VIII.B.R8	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Collision hazards.
PH.VIII.B.R9	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Autorotation power-off never-exceed speed (VNE) limitation.
PH.VIII.B.R10	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Helicopter trim.
PH.VIII.B.R11	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VIII.B.S1	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Establish an autorotation.
PH.VIII.B.S2	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Establish power-off glide with the helicopter trimmed and autorotation airspeed, ±10 knots.
PH.VIII.B.S3	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Maintain main rotor (Nr) within normal limits.
PH.VIII.B.S4	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Select a suitable landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions.
PH.VIII.B.S5	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Maneuver to avoid undershooting or overshooting the selected landing area.
PH.VIII.B.S6	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.VIII.B.S7	Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter	Terminate approach with a power recovery at a safe altitude as directed by the evaluator.
PH.VIII.C.K1	Approach and Landing with One Engine Inoperative (OEI) (Simulated) (Multiengine Helicopter	Elements of approach and landing with one engine inoperative.
PH.VIII.C.K2	Approach and Landing with One Engine Inoperative (OEI) (Simulated) (Multiengine Helicopter	Effects of atmospheric conditions on emergency approach and landing.
PH.VIII.C.K3	Approach and Landing with One Engine Inoperative (OEI) (Simulated) (Multiengine Helicopter	Stabilized approach.
PH.VIII.C.K4	Approach and Landing with One Engine Inoperative (OEI) (Simulated) (Multiengine Helicopter	Approach and landing profiles and aircraft configuration.
PH.VIII.C.R1	Approach and Landing with One Engine Inoperative (OEI) (Simulated) (Multiengine Helicopter	Consideration of altitude, wind, terrain, obstructions, and available landing area.
PH.VIII.C.R2	Approach and Landing with One Engine Inoperative (OEI) (Simulated) (Multiengine Helicopter	Planning and following a flightpath to the selected landing area.
PH.VIII.C.R3	Approach and Landing with One Engine Inoperative (OEI) (Simulated) (Multiengine Helicopter	Collision hazards.
PH.VIII.C.R4	Approach and Landing with One Engine Inoperative (OEI) (Simulated) (Multiengine Helicopter	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VIII.C.S1	Approach and Landing with One Engine Inoperative (OEI) (Simulated) (Multiengine Helicopter	Maintain the operating powerplant within OEI limits.
PH.VIII.C.S2	Approach and Landing with One Engine Inoperative (OEI) (Simulated) (Multiengine Helicopter	Maintain, prior to beginning the final approach segment, the recommended flight profile with altitude ±200 feet, airspeed, ±20 knots, heading ±10°, and maintain track.
PH.VIII.C.S3	Approach and Landing with One Engine Inoperative (OEI) (Simulated) (Multiengine Helicopter	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.VIII.C.S4	Approach and Landing with One Engine Inoperative (OEI) (Simulated) (Multiengine Helicopter	Plan and follow a flightpath to the selected landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions.
PH.VIII.C.S5	Approach and Landing with One Engine Inoperative (OEI) (Simulated) (Multiengine Helicopter	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.VIII.C.S6	Approach and Landing with One Engine Inoperative (OEI) (Simulated) (Multiengine Helicopter	Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.
PH.VIII.C.S7	Approach and Landing with One Engine Inoperative (OEI) (Simulated) (Multiengine Helicopter	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PH.VIII.D.K1	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Causes of partial or complete power loss related to the specific type of powerplant(s).
PH.VIII.D.K2	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	System and equipment malfunctions specific to the helicopter, including:
PH.VIII.D.K2a	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	a. Electrical malfunction
PH.VIII.D.K2b	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	b. Flight instrument malfunctions
PH.VIII.D.K2c	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	c. Pitot-static system malfunction
PH.VIII.D.K2d	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	d. Electronic flight deck display malfunction
PH.VIII.D.K2e	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	e. Landing gear malfunctions
PH.VIII.D.K2f	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	f. Inoperative flight control/trim
PH.VIII.D.K2g	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	g. Hydraulic failure, if applicable
PH.VIII.D.K3	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Various frequency vibrations and the possible components that may be affected.
PH.VIII.D.K4	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Causes and remedies for smoke or fire onboard the aircraft.
PH.VIII.D.K5	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Any other system malfunction specific to the helicopter flown.
PH.VIII.D.R1	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Startle response.
PH.VIII.D.R2	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Checklist usage for a system or equipment malfunction.
PH.VIII.D.R3	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VIII.D.R4	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Undesired aircraft state.
PH.VIII.D.S1	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Determine appropriate action for simulated emergencies specified by the evaluator, from at least three of the elements or sub-elements listed in K1 through K5.
PH.VIII.D.S2	Systems and Equipment Malfunctions	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.VIII.E.K1	Vortex Ring State	Elements of vortex ring state.
PH.VIII.E.K2	Vortex Ring State	Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
PH.VIII.E.K3	Vortex Ring State	Requirements for the formation of VRS.
PH.VIII.E.K4	Vortex Ring State	Aerodynamics and indications of VRS.
PH.VIII.E.K5	Vortex Ring State	Flight scenarios under which VRS can occur.
PH.VIII.E.K6	Vortex Ring State	Effective recovery techniques.
PH.VIII.E.R1	Vortex Ring State	Pilot recognition and response to VRS.
PH.VIII.E.R2	Vortex Ring State	Entering the maneuver at a lower altitude than planned.
PH.VIII.E.R3	Vortex Ring State	Application of power or exceeding powerplant limitations.
PH.VIII.E.R4	Vortex Ring State	Collision hazards.
PH.VIII.E.R5	Vortex Ring State	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VIII.E.R6	Vortex Ring State	Loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE).
PH.VIII.E.S1	Vortex Ring State	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.VIII.E.S2	Vortex Ring State	Clear the area.
PH.VIII.E.S3	Vortex Ring State	Select an altitude that allows recovery to be completed no lower than 1,000 feet AGL or as recommended by the manufacturer, whichever is higher.
PH.VIII.E.S4	Vortex Ring State	Establish conditions leading to VRS entry.
PH.VIII.E.S5	Vortex Ring State	Promptly recognize, announce, and recover at the first indication of VRS.
PH.VIII.E.S6	Vortex Ring State	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PH.VIII.F.K1	Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery	Elements related to low rotor rpm recovery energy management, including the combination of conditions that may lead to this situation.
PH.VIII.F.K2	Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery	Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
PH.VIII.F.K3	Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery	Aerodynamics that affect low rotor rpm conditions.
PH.VIII.F.K4	Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery	Powerplant performance.
PH.VIII.F.K5	Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery	Main rotor (Nr) limitations.
PH.VIII.F.K6	Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery	Difference between low rotor rpm and blade stall.
PH.VIII.F.R1	Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery	Powerplant limitations.
PH.VIII.F.R2	Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery	Powerplant governor operation.
PH.VIII.F.R3	Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery	Collision hazards.
PH.VIII.F.R4	Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VIII.F.R5	Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery	Low inertia rotor systems.
PH.VIII.F.S1	Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.VIII.F.S2	Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery	Clear the area.
PH.VIII.F.S3	Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery	Detect the development of low rotor rpm and initiate prompt corrective action.
PH.VIII.F.S4	Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery	Execute the recovery procedure to return rotor rpm to normal limits.
PH.VIII.G.K1	Antitorque System Failure	Elements related to antitorque system failure by describing:
PH.VIII.G.K1a	Antitorque System Failure	a. Indications of an antitorque system failure(s)
PH.VIII.G.K1b	Antitorque System Failure	b. Differences between complete loss of antitorque and mechanical flight control failures
PH.VIII.G.K1c	Antitorque System Failure	c. RFM procedures for antitorque system(s) failure
PH.VIII.G.K2	Antitorque System Failure	Wind conditions that favor a landing with an antitorque failure.
PH.VIII.G.R1	Antitorque System Failure	Preflight inspection of the antitorque system.
PH.VIII.G.R2	Antitorque System Failure	Antitorque failure(s) for the aircraft supplied for the practical test.
PH.VIII.G.R3	Antitorque System Failure	Use of antitorque failure procedures.
PH.VIII.G.S1	Antitorque System Failure	[Intentionally left blank].
PH.VIII.H.K1	Dynamic Rollover	Elements related to dynamic rollover.
PH.VIII.H.K2	Dynamic Rollover	Interactions between thrust, crosswind, slope, lateral CG, aircraft weight, and flight controls that contribute to dynamic rollover.
PH.VIII.H.K3	Dynamic Rollover	Preventive flight technique and recovery during flight operations, including slope operations.
PH.VIII.H.R1	Dynamic Rollover	Surface conditions conducive to dynamic rollover.
PH.VIII.H.R2	Dynamic Rollover	Landing gear proximity to obstructions on the ground during low altitude hover.
PH.VIII.H.R3	Dynamic Rollover	Flight control inputs during takeoff or landing.
PH.VIII.H.R4	Dynamic Rollover	Sideward hover.
PH.VIII.H.R5	Dynamic Rollover	Aircraft slope limitations.
PH.VIII.H.R6	Dynamic Rollover	Critical rollover angle and rolling moment.
PH.VIII.H.R7	Dynamic Rollover	Translating tendency.
PH.VIII.H.S1	Dynamic Rollover	[Intentionally left blank].
PH.VIII.I.K1	Ground Resonance	Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ground resonance by describing:
PH.VIII.I.K1a	Ground Resonance	a. Conditions that contribute to ground resonance
PH.VIII.I.K1b	Ground Resonance	b. Preventive flight technique during takeoffs and landings
PH.VIII.I.K1c	Ground Resonance	c. Landing surface
PH.VIII.I.K2	Ground Resonance	Inspection of items that may contribute to ground resonance.
PH.VIII.I.K3	Ground Resonance	Corrective actions during low and normal rotor rpm speeds.
PH.VIII.I.R1	Ground Resonance	Factors that may contribute to the onset of ground resonance.
PH.VIII.I.R2	Ground Resonance	Recognition of the onset of ground resonance.
PH.VIII.I.R3	Ground Resonance	Recovery procedure selection.
PH.VIII.I.S1	Ground Resonance	[Intentionally left blank].
PH.VIII.J.K1	Low Gravity (G) Recognition and Recovery	Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to low G conditions by describing:
PH.VIII.J.K1a	Low Gravity (G) Recognition and Recovery	a. Aerodynamic factors related to low G conditions
PH.VIII.J.K1b	Low Gravity (G) Recognition and Recovery	b. Situations that contribute to low G conditions
PH.VIII.J.K1c	Low Gravity (G) Recognition and Recovery	c. Avoidance, recognition, and appropriate recovery procedures
PH.VIII.J.K2	Low Gravity (G) Recognition and Recovery	Effects of low G conditions on various rotor systems.
PH.VIII.J.K3	Low Gravity (G) Recognition and Recovery	Pilot responses that lead to mast bumping in a low G condition, if applicable.
PH.VIII.J.R1	Low Gravity (G) Recognition and Recovery	Control inputs that cause low G conditions.
PH.VIII.J.R2	Low Gravity (G) Recognition and Recovery	Turbulence/gusty wind conditions.
PH.VIII.J.R3	Low Gravity (G) Recognition and Recovery	Control inputs that cause mast bumping.
PH.VIII.J.S1	Low Gravity (G) Recognition and Recovery	[Intentionally left blank].
PH.VIII.K.K1	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) operations, limitations, and testing requirements.
PH.VIII.K.K2	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	Fire extinguisher operations and limitations.
PH.VIII.K.K3	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	Emergency equipment and survival gear needed for:
PH.VIII.K.K3a	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	a. Climate extremes (hot/cold)
PH.VIII.K.K3b	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	b. Mountainous terrain
PH.VIII.K.K3c	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	c. Overwater operations
PH.VIII.K.R1	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	Survival gear (water, clothing, shelter) for 48 to 72 hours.
PH.VIII.K.S1	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	Identify appropriate equipment and personal gear.
PH.VIII.K.S2	Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear	Brief passengers on proper use of on-board emergency equipment and survival gear.
PH.IX.A.K1	Night Operations	Physiological aspects of vision related to night flying.
PH.IX.A.K2	Night Operations	Personal equipment essential for night flight.
PH.IX.A.K3	Night Operations	Helicopter equipment and lighting requirements for night operations.
PH.IX.A.K4	Night Operations	Lighting systems identifying airports/heliports/helipads/landing areas, runways, taxiways and obstructions, as well as pilot controlled lighting.
PH.IX.A.K5	Night Operations	Night orientation, navigation, chart reading techniques and methods for maintaining night vision effectiveness.
PH.IX.A.K6	Night Operations	Night taxi operations.
PH.IX.A.K7	Night Operations	Interpretation of traffic position and direction based solely on position lights.
PH.IX.A.K8	Night Operations	Visual illusions at night.
PH.IX.A.K9	Night Operations	Appropriate use of automation, if applicable.
PH.IX.A.R1	Night Operations	Collision hazards.
PH.IX.A.R2	Night Operations	Runway incursion.
PH.IX.A.R3	Night Operations	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.IX.A.R4	Night Operations	Effect of visual illusions and night adaptation during all phases of night flying.
PH.IX.A.R5	Night Operations	Night currency versus proficiency.
PH.IX.A.R6	Night Operations	Weather considerations specific to night operations.
PH.IX.A.R7	Night Operations	Inoperative equipment.
PH.IX.A.S1	Night Operations	[Intentionally left blank].
PH.X.A.K1	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Helicopter shutdown, securing, and postflight inspection.
PH.X.A.K2	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Documenting in-flight/postflight discrepancies.
PH.X.A.R1	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Activities and distractions.
PH.X.A.R2	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Parking the helicopter in a congested area.
PH.X.A.R3	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Airport specific security procedures.
PH.X.A.R4	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Disembarking passengers safely on the ramp and monitoring passenger movement while on the ramp.
PH.X.A.S1	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Minimize the hazardous effects of rotor downwash during hovering.
PH.X.A.S2	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Park in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby persons and property.
PH.X.A.S3	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.X.A.S5	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Conduct a postflight inspection and document discrepancies and servicing requirements, if any.
PH.X.A.S6	After Landing, Parking, and Securing	Secure the helicopter.